MANAJEMEN DIRI DIABETES ANALISIS KUANTITATIF FAKTOR- FAKTOR PSIKOSOSIAL PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II

DRA. NIDA UL HASANAT M.SI, Prof. Dr. Johana Endang Prawitasari

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Psikologi

Manajemen diri diabetes adalah keterlibatan pasien terhadap seluruh aspek dalam penyakitnya, berupa diet, olahraga/aktivitas fisik, pengobatan, dan pemantauan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Manajemen diri ini dilakukan agar pasien terhindar atau memperlambat munculnya komplikasi. Banyak faktor psikososial yang berpengaruh dalam manajemen diri. Faktor psikososial yang diteliti yaitu efikasi diri, dukungan sosial, expressed-emotion, dan depresi. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah ada hubungan antara efikasi diri, dukungan sosial, dan expressed- emotion dengan manajemen diri secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui mediasi depresi pada pasien diabetes Tipe II. Subjek sejumlah 219 orang, pasien diabetes rawat jalan RSUP dr. Sardjito dan RSUD Sleman. Kriteria subjek yaitu telah didiagnosis diabetes minimal satu tahun, berusia antara 40-70 tahun, dan tinggal bersama pasangan atau keluarga inti. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu Skala Efikasi Diri Diabetes, Skala Persepsi Dukungan Sosial, Skala Persepsi Ekspresi Emosi Keluarga, Skala BDI, dan Skala Manajemen Diri Diabetes. Data dianalisis dengan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efikasi diri mempunyai hubungan positif dengan manajemen diri dan mempunyai kontribusi sebesar 56,3%. Depresi mempunyai hubungan negatif dengan manajemen diri dan mempunyai kontribusi sebesar 15,4%. Tidak ada hubungan antara expressed-emotion, dukungan sosial dengan manajemen diri. Tidak ada hubungan antara efikasi diri, dukungan sosial, dan expressed-emotion dengan manajemen diri secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui mediasi depresi pada pasien diabetes Tipe II. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan ada hubungan antara efikasi diri, dukungan sosial, dan expressed-emotion negatif dengan manajemen diri secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui mediasi depresi pada pasien diabetes Tipe II.

Diabetes self-management is patient involvement in all aspects of their diabetes including diet, exercise, medication, and monitoring of blood glucose level. Diabetes self-management is the only way the patient can do to prevent or decelerate complications. There are many psychosocial factors influencing diabetic self-management. In this study, the psychosocial factors were self-efficacy, social support, expressed-emotion, and depression. The hypothesis was that there is relationship between self-efficacy, social support, and expressed emotion and self-management both directly and indirectly through depression as mediator in patients with Type II diabetes. Subjects in this study were 219 diabetes outpatients of dr. Sardjito General Hospital and Sleman District Hospital. The subjects were selected based on criteria of having been diagnosed with diabetes for at least one year, aged between 40 and 70 years old, and living with spouse or nuclear family. Data were collected using the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Family Perception of Emotion Expression Scale, the BDI Scale, and the Diabetes Self-Management Scale. The collected data were analyzed with path analysis. The results showed positive relationship between self-efficacy and self-management and had 56.3 percent contribution. Depression had negative relationship with self-management and had 15.4 percent contribution. There were no relationships between expressed- emotion, social support and self-management. There were no relationships between self-efficacy, social support, and expressed emotion and self-management either directly or indirectly through depression as mediatior in patients with Type II diabetes. The study found relationships between self-efficacy, social support, and negative expressed-emotion and self-management both directly and indirectly through depression as mediator in patients with Type II diabetes.

Kata Kunci : self-management, psychosocial, self-efficacy, social support, expressed-emotion, depression, Type II diabetes