KONSOLIDASI DEMOKRASI DAN PENEGAKAN RULE OF LAW DI GUATEMALA : STUDI KASUS PERSIDANGAN MANTAN PRESIDEN GUATEMALA RIOS MONTT ATAS KASUS PELANGGARAN HAM

DIONISIUS WASKITA CAHYA G, Eric Hiariej, M.Phil., Ph.D.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Perlindungan HAM dalam ranah demokrasi merupakan salah satu pilar penunjang demokratisasi yang dibangun dalam konteks penegakan rule of law. Keberadaan rule of law di dalam sistem demokrasi menjamin terpenuhinya hak-hak dan kewajiban warga negara. Apabila prinsip penegakan rule of law dibiarkan alpa dalam sistem pemerintahan demokrasi maka akan berdampak buruk bagi proses konsolidasi demokrasi karena hak-hak mendasar warga negara pasti terancam. Salah satu contoh dari lemahnya penegakan hukum tersebut adalah praktik impunitas seperti yang terjadi di Guatemala. Pasca transisi demokrasi, Guatemala tidak benar-benar menerapkan prinsip-prinsip demokrasi seperti konstitusionalisme. Praktik impunitas tetap berjalan dan militer masih memiliki kendali. Hal ini tampak dalam persidangan Rios Montt, seorang mantan presiden Guatemala yang mampu dibawa ke dalam proses persidangan atas tuduhan pelanggaran HAM berat. Institusi peradilan Guatemala gagal menghukum Rios Montt kendati banyak bukti yang menyudutkannya dan tentu saja hal ini membahayakan proses konsolidasi demokrasi

Human rights protection is an essential key in understanding democratic process. The existence of rule of law in a democratic system ensures the fulfillment of the citizen rights and duties. Therefore, all political actors in the domain of democracy must obey this principle otherwise the human basic needs will be in danger. One of the examples of weak law enforcement was impunity practices that still occurred in Guatemala. In the aftermath of democracy transition, Guatemala did not really adjust its political system with democracy principle. Impunity practices still happen and the military also still in charge because of the tradition of military leadership in the past. This could be seen in the trial case of Rios Montt, a former President of Guatemala who were charged of genocide accusation. Judicial institution failed to convict Rios Montt although all evidence brought to the trial had incriminated him.

Kata Kunci : rule of law, consolidated democracy, impunitas, intervensi militer