Implementasi kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan Propinsi DKI Jakarta :: Studi tentang pelaksanaan program IDT di Kotamadya Jakarta Utara

RAMZIE, Indrajaya, Prof.Dr. Sofian Effendy, MPIA

2002 | Tesis | Magister Administrasi Publik

lnstruksi Presiden Nomor 5 Tahun 1993 Tentang Peningkatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Program IDT dirancang untuk menumbuhkan dan memperkuat kemampuan penduduk miskin dalam usaha meningkatkan taraf hidupnya dengan cara membuka kesempatan berusaha. Propinsi DKI Jakarta masih memiliki 1 1 Kelurahan Tertinggal pada 3 wilayah Kotamadyanya. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam studi ini adalah mendeskripsikan mekanisme lmplementasi Program IDT dan mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilannya selama kurun waktu pelaksanaannya. Selain itu dicoba pula untuk mengajukan beberapa pemikiran sebagai rekomendasi dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja implementasi bagi program sejenis di masa mendatang . Sesuai karakteristik obyek kajian, studi implementasi kebijakan ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif-kualitatif. Basis analisis studi ini ialah Kelurahan Tertinggal beserta kelompok masyarakatnya sebagai sasaran Program IDT. Pemilihan desa sampel didasarkan pada pertimbangan teknis dengan asumsi kedua kelurahan dengan 100 responden cukup representatif (memadai) untuk menggeneralisasikan hasil pelaksanaan Program IDT di Kotamad ya Jakarta Utara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa kinerja implementasi Program IDT telah berjalan baik. Masyarakat miskin di kedua kelurahan sampel telah berhasil memperoleh pendapatan perkapita perbulan lebih dari Rp. 55.000,OO atau masuk dalam “Kategori Lepas dari Garis Kemiskinan”. Selain itu, terdapat tiga faktor determinan yang berpengaruh terhadap implementasi Program IDT, yakni : (a) Sikap Kelompok Sasaran Program IDT (Target Groups); (b) Komunikasi Antara Agen Pelaksana Program IDT dengan Target Groups; dan (c) Ketersediaan Sumber Daya. Rekomendasi yang ditawarkan ialah sebelum Pemerintah memutuskan suatu kebijakan publik perlu terlebih dahulu dilakukan studi kelayakan dengan mengambil beberapa area sampel yang dianggap dapat mewakili sepsifikasi seluruh wilayah yang ada. Disamping itu, aparat pelaksana diharapkan memiliki sikap aspiratif, membuka diri dengan tidak merasa lebih berkuasa, serba tahu ataupun merasa telah menjadi “dewa penolong” bagi masyarakat penerima bantuan. Melainkan dapat menumbuhkan dan memelihara sikap kooperatif dan mengayomi di kalangan aparat pelaksana program, terutama bagi petugas yang berhubungan langsung dengan masyarakat penerima bantuan

Presidential Instructions Number 5 of 1993 on the improvement of Dealing with Poverty or which is more known with IDT Program is planned to develop and make strong the ability of poor population in the effort to improve their standard of living with the way opening the opportunity to have business. The Province of DKI Jakarta still having 11 backward villages on 3 Municipalities. The objective of this study are give description of the mechanism of implementation of IDT Program and to examine the factor which influencing its success during in the time period of its performance. In addition, it is also to propose recommendation in the effort of improving the implementation of the performance for the same program in the future. This study use technical analysis of qualitative-descriptive. Basis of this study analysis are Backward Village including their community group as the objective of group of Backward Village (IDT) Program. Selection of sample village with 100 respondent are enough representative (sufficient) to give generalization on the result of the Performance of group of Backward Village (IDT) Program in the Municipality of North Jakarta. Based on the result of analysis is concluded that the performance of implementation of group of Backward Village (IDT) Program has been proceed in good manner. Poor population in two sample villages has been successfully past in obtained income per capita in monthly more than Rp. 55.000,OO or including to “Category of Free from the Poverty Line”. Beside that, there are have three determinant factors which have influence on the implementation of Group of Backward Village (IDT) Program, i.e. (a) The Attitude of Target Groups of Group of Backward Village (IDT) Program; (b) Communication Between Agent of Organizer of Group of Backward Village (IDT) Program with Target Groups; and (c) Readiness of Resources. Recommendation which offered are before the Government decided a policy first of all the public need to be performed feasibility study with take some area of sample which considered able to represent specification from all of existence areas. Beside that, apparatus of organizer expected having the aspiration attitude, opened itself with no feel more hold the power, know everything or feel has become “god of helper” for the people of receiver of assistant. But rather able to build and maintenance the cooperative attitude and give protect in the circle of apparatus organizer of program, especially for the officer which directly related to the people of receiver of assistant.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Pengentasan Kemiskinan, Implementasi Program IDT