HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 6 – 23 BULAN DI KECAMATAN SEDAYU KABUPATEN BANTUL

MARIA G. PANTALEON, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS,Sc.D

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Stunting (tubuh pendek) adalah keadaan tubuh yang sangat pendek hingga melampaui defisit 2 SD dibawah median panjang atau tinggi badan populasi yang menjadi referensi internasional. Penyebab stunting adalah konsumsi makanan yang tidak seimbang dan penyakit infeksi. Sejumlah penelitian memperlihatkan keterkaitan antara stunting dengan perkembangan motorik dan mental yang buruk dalam usia kanak-kanak dini, serta prestasi kognitif dan prestasi sekolah yang buruk dalam usia kanak-kanak lanjut. Prevalensi stunting secara nasional tahun 2013 adalah 37,2%, yang berarti terjadi peningkatan dibandingkan tahun 2010 (35,6%) dan 2007 (36,8%). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara kejadian stunting dengan perkembangan anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Bantul. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 anak yang berusia 6 - 23 bulan terdiri dari 50 baduta stunting dan 50 baduta tidak stunting yang dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan dibantu oleh tenaga psikolog dalam pengukuran perkembangan anak. Stunting pada anak usia 6 – 23 bulan diukur menggunakan indikator panjang badan menurut umur (WHO 2005) dan pengukuran perkembangan anak menggunakan metode Bayley Scales Of Infant Development III. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik dengan 95% confident interval. Hasil: Secara statistik ada hubungan bermakna antara stunting dengan perkembangan motorik baduta (p = 0,002 < 0,05), namun tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara stunting dengan perkembangan kognitif, bahasa, sosioemosional, dan perkembangan adaptif baduta. Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa stunting dan jenis kelamin secara statistik (p<0,05) berkaitan dengan perkembangan motorik.

Background: Stunting (short body length) is a bodily condition that is very short until surpass deficit at 2 SD under median of body length or body height of the population that be an international reference. The cause of stunting is food consumption that is not balanced and infectious disease. Many studies showed the correlation between stunting and poor motoric and mental development in early childhood, and poor cognitive performance and school performance in later childhood. The prevalence of stunting at national level in 2013 was 37,2%, that means there was increasing compared to 2010 (35,6%) and 2007 (36,8%). Objectives: To knowing whether or not there was correlation between stunting incidence and the development of 6 – 23 months old toddler in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul Regency. Methods: This was observational study by cross sectional design. The sample size was 100 toddler at their 6 - 23 months old consist of 50 stunting toddler and 50 non stunting toddlers who were selected by consecutive sampling methods. Data collecting used structured questionnaire and was assisted by psychologist to measure the development of toddler. Stunting in 6 – 23 months old toddlers was measured used indicator of body length for age (WHO 2005) and the measurement of development used method of Bayley Scales Of Infant Development III. Data was analyzed used chi square test and logistic regression test by 95% confidence interval. Results: Statistically there was significant correlation between stunting and the motoric development of the toddler (p = 0,002 < 0,05), but there was no significant correlation between stunting and the development of cognitive, language, socio emotional, and adaptive of the toddler. The result of multivariate showed that stunting and sex statistically (p<0,05) had correlation to the motoric development.

Kata Kunci : stunting, perkembangan anak