RIWAYAT ASUPAN ENERGI DAN PROTEIN SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI KECAMATAN SEDAYU KABUPATEN BANTUL

RAHMANIAH, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,ScD

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang masih menjadi perhatian di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Penyebab langsung stunting adalah penyakit infeksi dan asupan makanan yang tidak memadai seperti kurang energi dan protein. Secara nasional di Indonesia penduduk yang mengonsumsi energi dan protein dibawah kebutuhan minimal masing-masing sebesar 40,7% dan 37%. Khusus di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta jumlah penduduk yang mengonsumsi energi dan protein di bawah kebutuhan minimal secara berturut-turut sebesar 40,9% dan 43,7%. Dampak stunting diantaranya anak berisiko terhadap penyakit dan kematian, anak cenderung memiliki prestasi tidak baik di sekolah, mempengaruhi produktivitas ekonomi di masa dewasa dan hasil reproduksi ibu. Di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 prevalensi stunting sebanyak 35,7%, di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sebanyak 22,5%, di Kabupaten Bantul tahun 2012 sebesar 18,08% dan Kecamatan Sedayu 30,51%. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui riwayat asupan energi dan protein sebagai faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan case control. Populasinya seluruh anak usia 6-23 bulan yang ada di wilayah Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Bantul. Cara pengambilan sampel adalah dengan total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Secara bivariat berat bayi lahir dan tinggi badan ibu menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan stunting (p<0,05). Sedangkan riwayat asupan energi dan protein tidak signifikan dengan stunting (p>0,05). Namun terdapat kecenderungan bahwa anak yang asupan energi dan protein kurang lebih berisiko terhadap stunting. Secara multivariat tinggi badan ibu merupakan variabel yang dominan berpengaruh terhadap stunting (OR=2,06) Kesimpulan: Asupan energi dan protein yang kurang bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting. Tinggi badan ibu merupakan variabel yang dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting.

developing nations include Indonesia. The direct cause of stunting was infectious disease and inadequate food intake such as energy and protein deficiency. In national level, in Indonesia, the population who consume energy and protein below the minimum need was 40.7% and 37% respectively. Special in Yogyakarta, the number of population who consume energy and protein below the minimum need was 40.9% and 43.7% respectively. The impact of stunting among others are, the children have risk to get illness and death, the child tend to have poor performance in the school, influence their economic productivity in the future (in adult period) and the result of woman reproduction. In Indonesia in 2010, the prevalence of stunting was 35,7%, in Yogyakarta as much as 22,5%, in Bantul District in 2012 was 18,08% and in Sedayu Subdistrict was 30,51%. Objectives: To knowing the history of energy and protein intake as risk factors of stunting in children of 6-23 months. Methods: This was observational study by case control design. The population of children aged 6-23 months who lived in Sedayu Subdistrict area, Bantul. Sampling was performed by total sampling approach. Data was analyzed by Chi Square and Logistic Regression test. Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that birth weight and maternal height have a significant association with stunting (p<0,05). While of energy and protein intake with stunting was not significant (p>0,05). However, there is a tendency that children less energy and protein intake higher risk of stunting. In multivariate presented that maternal height is the dominant variable effect on the prevalence of stunting (OR=2,06). Conclusion: Energy and protein intake that was deficient was not risk factor for stunting incidence. Maternal height was dominant variable that influenced to the stunting incidence.

Kata Kunci : Asupan energi, asupan protein, stunting