Pengaruh Daun Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) Sebagai Sumber Minyak Esensial Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Di Dalam Rumen

ABUBAKAR RIDHO SETIAWAN, Asih Kurniawati, S.Pt., M.Si.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Lies Mira Yusiati, SU .

2014 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daun sereh sebagai sumber minyak esensial (ME) terhadap aktivitas enzim di dalam rumen. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah penambahan daun sereh pada ransum setara dengan level ME 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mg/l. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan teknik in vitro produksi gas selama 48 jam pada suhu 39°C dengan tiga kali ulangan. Pada akhir fermentasi dilakukan pengamatan pH, aktivitas spesifik enzim meliputi carboxylmethyl cellulase (CMCase), β-glukosidase, amilase, dan protease. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis variansi pola searah, perbedaan rerata antar perlakuan diuji Duncan’s new multiple range test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan daun sereh setara dengan level ME 50 mg/l tidak mempengaruhi pH pada fermentasi pakan dibanding kontrol. pH cairan rumen dengan penambahan daun sereh setara dengan level ME 25 meningkatkan pH dibanding kontrol (P<0,05) dan dengan level ME 75 dan 100 mg/l menurunkan pH dibanding kontrol (P<0,05) tetapi masih dalam kisaran normal pH rumen. Aktivitas spesifik CMCase tidak berbeda antar perlakuan tetapi lebih rendah dibanding kontrol (P<0,05). Aktivitas spesifik enzim β-glukosidase dengan penambahan daun sereh setara dengan level ME 50 mg/l pada fermentasi pakan lebih rendah 12,43% dibandingkan kontrol (1463,52 U/g) (P<0,05), sedangkan penambahan daun sereh setara dengan level ME 25, 75, dan 100 mg/l pada fermentasi pakan lebih tinggi 43,66; 28,09; dan 95,54% dibandingkan kontrol (1463,52 U/g) (P<0,05). Penambahan daun sereh setara dengan level ME sampai 100 mg/l tidak memiliki efek pada aktivitas spesifik amilase. Rata-rata aktivitas spesifik enzim amilase adalah 30,61 U/g. Aktivitas spesifik protease dengan penambahan daun sereh setara dengan level ME 25 dan 75 mg/l pada fermentasi pakan lebih tinggi 27,28 dan 24,99% dibandingkan kontrol (6,58 U/g) (P<0,05), sedangkan penambahan setara level ME 50 dan 100 mg/l pada fermentasi pakan lebih rendah 8,92 dan 21,22% dibandingkan kontrol (6,58 U/g) (P<0,05). Namun demikian, aktivitas spesifik protease tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol. Kesimpulannya, penambahan daun sereh sebagai sumber ME sampai 100 mg/l pada fermentasi pakan tidak mempengaruhi nilai pH, aktivitas spesifik amilase dan protease tetapi menurunkan aktivitas spesifik selulase dibanding kontrol secara signifikan.

The research was aimed to observe the effect of lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus) addition as essential oil (EO) source toward ruminal activities of enzymes. Lemongrass leaves were added equal to EO level 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mg/l. Fermentation was done using in vitro gas production for 48 hours at 39°C with three replications. At the end of the fermentation pH, specific activity of enzyme include carboxylmethyl cellulase (CMCase), β-glucosidase, amylase, and protease were observed. The collected data were analyzed by one way variance analysis, the difference mean of the treatment was tested by Duncan’s new multiple range test (DMRT). The result showed the addition of lemongrass leaves equal to EO level as much as 50 mg/l didn’t affect pH compared to control. Addition lemongrass leaves equal to EO level as much as 25 mg/l increased pH compared to control (P<0.05) whereas EO level as much as 75 and 100 mg/l decreased pH (P<0.05) but still in the normal range pH of rumen. The specific activity of CMCase were not different among treatments but they were lower than control (P<0.05). Activity of β-glucosidase with addition of lemongrass leaves equal to EO level 50 mg/l was lower 12.43% compared to control (1463.52 U/g) (P<0.05) whereas addition equal to EO level 25, 75, and 100 mg/l were higher 43.66, 28.09, and 95.54% compared to control (1463.52 U/g) (P<0.05). Addition of lemongrass leaves equal to EO level up to 100 mg/l had no effect on the specific activity of amylase. The mean of specific activity of amylase was 30.61 U/g. The specific activity of protease with addition of lemongrass leaves equal to EO level 25 and 75 mg/l were higher 27.28 and 24.99% compared to control (6.58 U/g) (P<0.05), whereas addition equal to EO level as much as 50 and 100 mg/l were lower 8.92 and 21.22% compared to control (6.58 U/g) (P<0.05). However, the specific activity of protease didn’t differ significantly than control. In conclusion, the addition of lemongrass leaves as a source EO until 100 mg/l in fermentation of feed didn’t affect the pH value, the specific activity of amylase and protease but they were lower the specific activity of cellulase significantly than control.

Kata Kunci : daun sereh, minyak esensial, enzim, rumen, lemongrass leaves, essential oil, enzyme, ruminal.