PENGARUH TERAPI RELAKSASI PROGRESIF DALAM MENURUNKAN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) PADA REMAJA PASCA BENCANA ERUPSI MERAPI DI YOGYAKARTA

DWI KUSTRIYANTI, Elsi Dwi Hapsari, S.Kp., M.S., D.S

2015 | Tesis | S2 Keperawatan

Latar belakang: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) merupakan kumpulan gejala afektif, perilaku dan fisik yang muncul pada fase luteal yang dapat mempengaruhi produktifitas, kualitas hidup. PMS pada remaja dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup, penampilan akademik, seperti penurunan konsentrasi, gagal ujian dan ketidakhadiran di kelas, dimana prevalensi PMS meningkat di daerah bencana. Pengobatan terhadap PMS diperlukan untuk mengurangi gejala dan dampak yang ditimbulkan.Terapi relaksasi progresif merupakan pengobatan non farmakologis yang efektif namun efisien dan sederhana untuk mengurangi gejala PMS. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi relaksasi progresif terhadap penurunan PMS pada remaja pasca bencana erupsi Merapi di Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini berupa quasi eksperimental dengan one group pretest posttest design. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu: 1) Screening PMS menggunakan kriteria diagnosa ACOG, 2011 pada 237 siswi untuk menentukan prevalensi PMS; 2) Intervensi relaksasi progresif pada 26 siswi sebanyak 4 kali. Terdapat 90 siswi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diajarkan relaksasi pertama dan diminta mengisi diary record symptom hingga periode menstruasi bulan selanjutnya. Intervensi selanjutnya diberikan saat hari pertama hingga ketiga menstruasi. Tekanan darah, pernapasan dan nadi diukur di hari pertama mentruasi, 15 menit sebelum intervensi dan akan diukur kembali di hari ketiga menstruasi 15 menit sesudah intervensi. Hasil: Uji paired t-test untuk melihat perubahan nadi sebelum dan sesudah relaksasi (p=0,000), perubahan tekanan sistolik, diastolik dan pernapasan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon test (p=0,009; p=0,004; 0,000). Terdapat penurunan proporsi gejala sebelum dan sesudah diberikan relaksasi progresif. Uji Chi square test didapatkan p=0,023; p=0,003; p=0,026 untuk gejala cemas, mudah tersinggung dan mudah marah Kesimpulan: Terapi relaksasi progresif efektif menurunkan premenstrual syndrome

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of affective, behavioral and physical symptoms which appears in the luteal phase that could affect productivityand quality of life. PMS in adolescents could affect the quality of life, academic performance, such as a decreasing in concentration, failed the exam and the absenteeism in the class, where the prevalence of PMS increased in the disaster areas. Treatment of PMS is needed to reduce symptoms of PMS. Progressive relaxation therapy is a non-pharmacological treatment that is effective, efficient and simple therapy as an treatment of PMS.Objective: This research aimed to find out the influence of progressive relaxation in decreasing premenstrual syndrome in adolescents after Merapi Eruption. Method: The study was conducted in two stages: 1) Screening of PMS using diagnostic criteria ACOG, 2011 on 237 female students to determine the prevalence of PMS; 2) progressive relaxation intervention on 26 female students 4 times. There are 90 students who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taught at first relaxation and asked to complete a diary record of symptoms until the next menstrual period. Next intervention given at first until the third day of menstruation. Blood pressure, respiration and pulse were measured on the first day of menstruation, 15 minutes before the intervention and will be measured again on the third day of menstruation 15 minutes after the intervention. Results: Paired t-test was used find out changes of pulse before and after relaxation (p = 0.000), systolic and diastole blood pressure and repiratory rate using the Wilcoxon test (p = 0.009; p = 0.004; 0.000). There is a decrease in the proportion of symptoms before and after giving progressive relaxation. Chi square test was obtained p = 0.023; p = 0.003; p = 0.026 for the symptoms of anxiety, irritability and angry outbursts. Conclusion: progressive relaxation therapy effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome.

Kata Kunci : Premenstrual syndrome, relaksasi progresif, bencana, remaja