ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEBERADAAN JENTIK NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DI KECAMATAN MAGELANG UTARA KOTA MAGELANG

SUNARTO, Dra. Susi Iravati, Apt,Ph.D

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang. Kecamatan Magelang Utara termasuk daerah endemis tinggi penyakit DBD. Berbagai upaya penanggulangan telah dilakukan, tetapi banyak faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan vektor DBD sehingga pencapaian Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) masih di bawah target nasional (ABJ = 95 %). Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional dan analisis laboratorium. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 150 rumah tangga yang berada di Kecamatan Magelang Utara dan dipilih secara stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur didukung dengan survei larva dan observasi lapangan. Analisis laboratorium berupa uji biokimia dan bioassay untuk mengetahui status resistensi insektisida pada jentik. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji Chi Square / Fisher’s Exact Test (α = 0,05), dan multivariat dengan Logistic Regression Test (α = 0,05). Hasil. Berdasarkan uji Chi Square / Fisher’s Exact Test yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis Logistic Regression, keberadaan jentik nyamuk Ae. aegypti di Kecamatan Magelang Utara tidak berhubungan dengan jenis permukiman tetapi secara signifikan berhubungan dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam pengendalian vektor DBD (p = 0,001) dan faktor lingkungan fisik yang terdiri dari : kelembaban udara dalam rumah (p = 0,024), intensitas cahaya dalam rumah (p = 0,011), sumber air pada kontainer (p = 0,000), dan jenis kontainer (p = 0,000). Berdasarkan uji biokimia dan bioassay, terdapat penurunan status kerentanan (toleran) terhadap insektisida temefos pada sampel jentik dari jenis permukiman : perumahan baru dan asrama tentara, sedangkan sampel jentik dari perkampungan tradisional 100% masih rentan. Kesimpulan. Keberadaan jentik nyamuk Ae. aegypti di Kecamatan Magelang Utara secara signifikan berhubungan dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam pengendalian vektor DBD dan beberapa faktor lingkungan fisik (kelembaban dalam rumah, intensitas cahaya dalam rumah, sumber air, dan jenis kontainer). Status kerentanan jentik nyamuk Ae. aegypti di Kecamatan Magelang Utara adalah berstatus rentan untuk perkampungan tradisional dan berstatus toleran untuk perumahan baru dan asrama tentara.

Background. The sub district of North Magelang is the high endemic area of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF).Various efforts have been done, but there were a lot of factors influencing the existence of dengue fever vector. So, the achievement of Free Larva / Pupae Index (FLPI) / ABJ (Angka Bebas Jentik) were less than national index of 95%. Objective. The objectives of this study was to determine the factors which relationship to the existence of Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae. Methods. This observational research was conducted using cross sectional approach and laboratory analysis. The samples of this research were 150 housholds in North Magelang Sub District and selected by stratified random sampling. The data collections were done using structured interviews supported by larval survey and field observation. Biochemical and bioassay test was done to determine the status of insecticide resistance in the larvae. The collected data were analysed using univariate, bivariate Chi Square / Fisher’s Exact Test (α = 0.05), and multivariate Logistic Regression Test (α = 0.05). Results. Based on the Chi Square Test / Fisher’s Exact Test which was continued with logistic regression analysis, the existence of Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae in North Magelang Sub District did not related by the types of settlements, but was related significantly by : The Community’s behavior in dengue vector control (p = 0.001) and the factors of physical environmental which consisted of : indoor air humidity (p = 0.024), indoor light intensity (p=0.011), water sources (p = 0.000), and the types of container (p = 0.000). Based on biochemical and bioassay tests, there was a reduction in susceptibility status (tolerant) to temephos on the larval samples from the types of settlements : new housing / real estate and military’s dormitory, while the larval samples from traditional village was 100% susceptible. Conclusions. The existence of Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae in North Magelang Sub District was related by the community’s behavior of dengue vector control and some factors of physical environmental which consisted of : indoor air humidity, indoor light intensity, water source, and the types of container. The susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larvae to temephos are tolerant status for two types of settlelments (real estate and military’s dormitory) and susceptible status to traditional village

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, DBD, Lingkungan Fisik, Resistensi, dan Insektisida