Studi Pengembangan Jabatan Staf Khusus Presiden dalam Meningkatkan Pelaksanaan Tugas-Tugas Presiden sesuai Amanat Peraturan Presiden Nomor 17 Tahun 2012 di Tengah Dinamika Birokrasi Kantor Kepresidenan

INDRA SUGIYARSIH, SH., Dr. Nunuk Dwi Retnandani

2015 | Tesis | S2 Magister Administrasi Publik

Pemerintahan modern di era demokrasi saat ini hidup di tengah rakyat yang memiliki kesadaran tinggi akan kewajiban pemerintahan presiden terpilih memenuhi hak-hak hidup rakyat. Oleh karena itu, realisasi visi, misi, target politik yang dijanjikan Presiden terpilih di masa kampanye menjadi krusial direalisasikan sebagai wujud pemenuhan janji politik kepada rakyat khususnya konstituen pemilihnya. Secara kelembagaan, negara telah menyediakan sistem birokrasi berjenjang dari pusat sampai daerah guna mendukung kinerja pemerintah dalam merealisasikan misi politiknya. Meski demikian, fakta birokrasi yang cenderung dihinggapi pathology mendorong presiden mengadopsi pengembangan jabatan politik (political staff atau political appointee) di kantor kepresidenan (Kementerian Sekretariat Negara atau dalam sebutan nomenklatur lainnya). Sejarah menunjukkan jabatan politik di kantor kepresidenan telah dikembangkan sejak pendirian kantor kepresidenan 2 September 1945 dengan berbagai perubahan nomenklatur dan tugas disesuaikan dinamika orientasi politik Presiden berkuasa. Selaras dengan perjalanan sejarah, era Pemerintahan Presiden SBY juga mengembangkan jabatan politik di kantor kepresidenan diantaranya diberikan nomenklatur Staf Khusus Presiden (SKP) dengan maksud untuk mendukung kelancaran tugas presiden di luar tugas K/L terkait komitmen politik agar dapat segera memenuhi harapan rakyat dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan nasional. Kebijakan ini dituangkan dalam Perpres No. 40 Th. 2005 terakhir diubah dengan Perpres No. 17 Th. 2012 (lebih lanjut disebut Perpres No. 17 Th. 2012). Selama 10 tahun melaksanakan tugasnya, SKP relatif berhasil mengemban tugas mendukung kelancaran tugas Presiden dalam mencapai visi dan misi politik, mendukung popularitas presiden, serta mengkomunikasikan kebijakan Presiden sehingga mendapat posisi di mata publik/ stakeholder dalam/luar negeri. Fenomena kinerja SKP mendukung kinerja Presiden perlu dikaji mengingat fakta bahwa a) pemerintah era demokrasi hidup di tengah rakyat yang berkesadaran tinggi akan kewajiban pemerintah memenuhi hak hidup rakyat, b) belum ada hukum positif yang mengatur lembaga kepresidenan sehingga secara ketatanegaraan (freies ermessen) presiden berhak mengatur lembaga kepresidenan, c) fenomena political appointee SKP di tengah dinamika birokrasi kantor kepresidenan adalah fenomena baru yang belum banyak dikaji, serta d) pengembangan jabatan politik di tengah birokrasi kantor kepresidenan telah dilakukan sejak era Orla namun eksistensinya masih dibaurkan struktural birokrasi, menjadi indikasi pentingnya meneliti masalah latar belakang kebijakan pengembangan jabatan SKP, dan apakah SKP dapat mendukung peningkatan pelaksanaan tugas presiden sesuai amanat Perpres No. 17 Th. 2012. Melalui penetapan informan secara terseleksi sebagai sampel (pejabat SKP dan birokrat eselon I/II kantor kepresidenan), dilengkapi analisis secara induktif, maka penelitian ini menghasilkan jawaban masalah pnelitian secara akurat

Modern Government in the current democratic era, exists among people who have a high awareness of government obligations lead by the President elected to fulfill the rights of the people.Therefore, realization of the promised vision, mission, and political targets of the elected president during his campaign became crucial, as a form of fulfillment of political promises to the people, especially constituents. Institutionally, the State had provided tiered bureaucratic system from central to local government to support government performance in realising its political missions. However, the fact that bureaucracies tend to be infested by ‘pathology ‘ thus encourage the elected President to adopt policy of developing political positions (political staff or political appointee) in the Presidential Office (or Ministry of State Secretariat or in other nomenclature designations). History shows that political positions have been developed since the establishment of the Presidential Office on 2 September 1945, since various changes in nomenclature and responsibilities adapted to the dynamics of the ruling President political orientation. In harmony with the course of history, the era of the government of President SBY also developed political position in the President Office, which is given the nomenclature of Special Staff to the Presidential (SSP) in order to support the presidential obligations beyond the ministerial context, but more related to political commitments to immediately meet the expectations of the people in solving national issues. This policy is outlined in the Presidential Decree Number 40 of 2005 which last amended by Presidential Decree Number 17 of 2012 (further referred to as Presidential Decree Number 17). During the 10 years since the establishment, SSP was relatively successful in performing its duties to support the President in achieving political vision and mission, supporting president popularity, as well as to communicate President policy to to gain position (favor) in the eyes of public / stakeholders at national/ international level. SSP performance as a phenomenon in supporting President performance need to be assessed in view of fact that; a) government in democratic era exists within a society that highly recognize of government’s obligation to fulfill people’s rights, b) there has been no positive law governing the Presidential Institutions,therefore based on state administration (Freiesermessen) the president has the right to regulate Presidential Intitutions, c) phenomenon of political appointee such as SSP amid bureaucratic dynamics of the presidential office is a new phenomenon that has not been widely studied, and d) the development of a political positions in the middle of the presidential office bureaucracy has been done since the days of Old Orde (Orde Lama or Orla) but its existence is still diffused within structural bureaucracy, is an indication of the importance of researching the background issues of policy that developed SSP position, and whether SSP can support improved performance of presidential duties as mandated by Presidential Decree Number 17. This research is based on highly selective informants as samples (SSP officials and Echelon I / II Bureaucrats of the Presidential Office), and completed with inductive analysis, which hopefully provide accurate answers to research problems

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