MANAJEMEN USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN PANTAI SADENG KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL

RESNA TRIMERANI, Dr. Ir. Lestari Rahayu Waluyati, MP.

2015 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS

Alat-alat produksi penangkapan ikan merupakan modal usaha utama bagi peningkatan status sosial para nelayan. Usaha penangkapan ikan melibatkan dua pihak yaitu juragan darat sebagai pemilik alat-alat produksi dan juru mudi serta ABK sebagai pihak yang mengoperasikannya. Berpadunya dua kepentingan yang berbeda merupakan awal terjalinnya hubungan kerja yang didasari oleh bentuk hubungan patron klien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hak dan kewajiban juragan darat, juru mudi dan ABK; mengetahui nilai investasi dan biaya operasional, pendapatan juragan darat, juru mudi dan ABK, sistem bagi hasil dan manajemen usaha penangkapan ikan ; mengetahui pengaruh modal sosial (kepercayaan, norma, jaringan sosial) dan modal non sosial (pendidikan, umur, pengalaman) terhadap hasil tangkapan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan teknik wawancara. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive dengan pengambilan sampel secara acak sederhana. Sampel responden adalah pemilik kapal motor yang menggunakan alat tangkap gillnet dan handline, juru mudi dan ABKnya masing-masing sebanyak 25 orang. Alat analisis data yang digunakan yaitu Skala Likert yang kemudian diolah menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa juragan darat berkewajiban menyediakan alat-alat produksi dan biaya operasional selama melaut dan berhak untuk menentukan rantai pemasaran ikan hasil tangkapannya. Juru mudi bertanggung jawab penuh selama melaut termasuk bertanggung jawab terhadap kineja ABK, dan ABK berkewajiban bekerja dengan baik selama melaut. Sistem bagi hasil yang berlaku adalah 50%-50%. Rasio pendapatan bersih terhadap biaya bagi juragan darat, juru mudi dan ABK lebih besar dari tingkat suku bunga. Tahap manajemen usaha penangkapan ikan meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan dan evaluasi. Modal sosial berupa kepercayaan dan norma serta modal non sosial berupa pendidikan dan pengalaman berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan hasil tangkapan. Kata Kunci : Bagi Hasil, Manajemen, Modal Usaha, Modal Sosial, Penangkapan Ikan

Boat, machine and fishing gears are major venture capital for the improvement of social status of the fisherman. The fishing effort involves two parties, namely the owner of the means of production and the helmsman and the crews as the the parties who operate the process. Proverbial of two different interests is the beginning of the working relationship which is based on the form of patron-client relationship. This research aims to discover the suitability of the rights and obligations of the owners, the helmsman and the crews; finding out the value of the investment and operating cost, the revenue of the owners, the helmsman and the crews, profit-sharing system and management of fishing effort; finding out the effect of social capital (trust, norms, social networks) and non social capital (education, age, experience) towards the result of fishing. This research was conducted through survey with simple random sampling method. The sample of respondents were the owners of boat using gillnet and handline fishing gears, the helmsman and the crews, 25 people for each boat. Data analysis tool used was the Likert Scale which was then processed using multiple linear regression. This research result showed that the owners are obliged to provide the means of production and the operating cost during the fishing effort and has the right to determine their fish catch marketing chain. The helmsman takes full responsibility during the fishing effort including supervising the crews work, and the crews are obliged to work well during fishing. The system of profit sharing is 50%-50%. The ratio of net income towards the cost of the owners, the helmsman, and the crews is bigger than the interest rate. The phase of the management of fishing effort includes planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluation. Social capital in the form of trust and norms as well as non-social capital in the form of education and experience give positive effects to increase fish catch. Keywords: Management, Fishing, Profit Sharing, Social Capital, Venture Capital

Kata Kunci : Bagi Hasil, Manajemen, Modal Usaha, Modal Sosial, Penangkapan Ikan; Management, Fishing, Profit Sharing, Social Capital, Venture Capital