HUBUNGAN PERILAKU ORANG TUA DALAM PEMBERIAN MAKAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA 2-5 TAHUN DI POSYANDU BINAAN RSK ST. VINCENTIUS A PAULO SURABAYA

NI LUH AGUSTINI P., Prof. dr. Madarina Julia, MPH, PhD, SpA(K)

2015 | Tesis | S2 Keperawatan

Latar belakang: Permasalahan tentang gizi anak masih menjadi masalah di negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Saat ini terjadi permasalahan ganda terkait gizi anak, karena masalah gizi kurang yang belum teratasi pada saat yang sama masalah kelebihan gizi makin meningkat. Orang tua bertanggung jawab dalam pengasuhan anak termasuk memenuhi asupan gizi yang seimbang. Perilaku orang tua dalam pemberian makan pada anak merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam mempengaruhi asupan nutrisi anak. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi hubungan antara perilaku orang tua dalam pemberian makan dan status gizi anak usia 2-5 tahun. Metode: Desain penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian 153 orang tua dengan anak usia 2-5 tahun yang sesuai dengan kriteria inkusi dan ekslusi di wilayah Posyandu binaan Rumah Sakit Katolik St. Vincentius a Paulo Surabaya. Perilaku orang tua dalam pemberian makan dinilai menggunakan Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ). Status gizi anak dinilai berdasarkan indikator berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB) yang dibandingkan dengan standar skor-Z WHO 2006. Analisis data dengan menggunakan korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Rata-rata status gizi anak usia 2-5 tahun berdasarkan indikator BB/TB skor Z 0,17 yang menunjukkan kondisi normal. Orang tua yang melibatkan anak dalam perencanaan dan persiapan makan berhubungan positif dengan status gizi anak (ρ=0,43 p=0,001). Orang tua yang memberikan tekanan saat anak makan berhubungan negatif dengan status gizi (ρ=-0,34 p=0,001). Pembatasan asupan makanan untuk mengontrol berat badan signifikan berhubungan secara positif dengan status gizi anak sangat kurus sampai gemuk (ρ=0,29 p=0,001). Simpulan: ada hubungan antara perilaku orang tua dalam pemberian makan dengan status gizi anak usia 2-5 tahun.

Background: The issue of child nutrition is still a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Nowdays occur multiple issues related to child nutrition, due to lack of nutrition that has not been resolved at the same time increasing problem of excess nutrients. Parents are responsible for the care of children, including fulfilling a balanced nutritional intake. Objective: To identify the relationship between parent’s behavior in feeding and nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years. Method: Design used in this study was observational with cross sectional study was conducted 153 parents with children aged 2-5 years who fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the region of Integrated Health Center Catholic Hospital St. Vincentius a Paulo Surabaya. Parent’s behavior in feeding was assessed using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) which consists of 49 questions and 12 behavioral aspects. The nutritional status of children assessed by weight indicator according to height (weight/height) were compared with Z-score WHO 2006 standard. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation. Result: The average nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years based on the indikacators weight/height Z-score was 0.17 indicating that is in normal condition. Parent’s behavior involve children in the planning and preparation of meals, positively associated with nutritional status of children in all conditions of nutritional status of children who are very thin to obese (ρ=0.43 p=0.001). Pressure when children eat was negatively associated with nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years in normal nutritional status to obese (ρ=-0.34 p=0.001). Restriction of food intake to control body weight was significantly positively associated with nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years in all conditions of nutritional status of children who are very thin to obese (ρ= 0.29 p= 0.001). Conclusion: Parent’s behavior in feeding the children associated with nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years.

Kata Kunci : status gizi, perilaku pemberian makan, usia 2-5 tahun