POTENSI STRATEGI NIGHT VENTILATIVE COOLING DI INDONESIA DENGAN SIMULASI ENERGYPLUS: Kasus Bangunan Hipotetik Perkantoran Berdasarkan Data Iklim Bogor

DIAN PERWITA SARI, Ir. Jatmika Adi Suryabrata, M.Sc., Ph.D

2014 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Strategi night ventilative cooling merupakan strategi passive cooling yang belum cukup dikenal penggunaannya di Indonesia karena lebih banyak dilakukan dan direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di belahan dunia dengan iklim yang panas-kering. Namun demikian, beberapa riset terhadap penerapan strategi night ventilative cooling di wilayah beriklim tropis lembab menunjukkan potensi keberhasilan yang cukup menjanjikan. Hal tersebut mendorong perlunya dilakukan penelitian mengenai potensi strategi tersebut di Indonesia. Simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak EnergyPlus v.8.0, dilakukan terhadap objek bangunan hipotetik dua lantai berluas tipikal 392m2 tanpa bantuan penghawaan mekanik maupun penghawaan buatan, memiliki fungsi perkantoran, serta mengambil studi kasus iklim kota Bogor dan Jakarta. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perilaku termal udara indoor terhadap outdoor sebagai indikator keberhasilan, surface temperature sebagai indikator kinerja thermal mass, temperature swing, radiasi sinar matahari, dan ventilation rate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi night ventilative cooling berpotensi efektif untuk diterapkan di Indonesia pada wilayah-wilayah dengan kondisi termal tahunan yang menyerupai kota Bogor. Aspek radiasi sinar matahari yang masuk ke dalam bangunan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja thermal mass sehingga diperlukan elemen pembayang pada bukaan dikombinasikan dengan material kaca berindeks SHGC rendah. Dampak pergerakan sinar matahari menyebabkan sisi bangunan utara dan barat memperoleh panas yang terbesar sehingga diperlukan insulasi eksternal pada bagian tersebut. Aspek ventilation rate memberikan hasil yang paling signifikan pada angka 20ACH yang dapat dicapai dengan luasan bukaan tertentu maupun memanfaatkan bantuan ventilasi mekanik. Bangunan pada level ground dan menempel pada tanah memberikan hasil yang paling baik bagi penerapan strategi night ventilative cooling. Kata kunci: strategi passive cooling, night ventilative cooling, ventilasi, thermal mass, tropis

As a passive cooling strategy, night ventilative cooling is not well-know in Indonesia because its usage is mostly recommended for applications in regions with hot-dry climate. But some researches evaluating night ventilative cooling strategy applied to tropical regions with hot-humid climate have shown quite promising results. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of night ventilative cooling strategy in Indonesia. Simulations using EneryPlus v.8.0 was done to evaluate the performance of winddriven night ventilative cooling for two-story office building with typical area of 392m2 in Bogor and Jakarta. The evaluation was to investigate the mean air temperature between indoor and outdoor as the effectiveness parameter of night ventilative cooling, surface temperature as the indicator of thermal mass performance, temperature swing, infiltration of solar radiation, and ventilation rate. The results showed good potential of night ventilative cooling strategy to be applied in Indonesia especially in regions with same climate characteristics as Bogor. The solar radiation had a significant impact toward thermal mass performance so that it will be important to consider applying shading elements for the openings combined with low SHGC glass material. The sun path characteristics had the biggest effect on heat gain suffered by northern and western side of the building so that these sides need to be externally insulated. Considering ventilation rate aspect, the most optimal result was achieved by the condition of 20ACH. This level of ventilation rate can be achieved by certain opening area or with help of mechanical ventilation system. The ground had a significant impact to help the performance of thermal mass. This means that night ventilative cooling strategy will be best applied to the ground level of building Kata kunci: passive cooling strategy, night ventilative cooling, ventilation, thermal mass, tropical

Kata Kunci : strategi passive cooling, night ventilative cooling, ventilasi, thermal mass, tropis; passive cooling strategy, night ventilative cooling, ventilation, thermal mass, tropical