ANALISIS RISIKO KERUSAKAN PIPA JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI PDAM KOTA SINGKAWANG

FALMURIATI, Prof. Dr. Sudarmaji, M.Eng.Sc.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

PDAM Kota Singkawang berdasarkan penilaian kinerja PDAM 2012 oleh BPPSPAM merupakan PDAM dengan status sakit. Angka kebocoran distribusi PDAM Kota Singkawang pada tahun 2013 adalah 53,12% jauh dari indeks kebocoran yang diizinkan menurut Standar Nasional Departemen Pekerjaan Umum yaitu 20%. Salah satu sebabnya adalah permasalahan teknis. Kondisi jaringan pipa distribusi yang tua menyebabkan kerusakan pipa sehingga berisiko terhadap PDAM, pelanggan, masyarakat dan lingkungan disekitar pipa yang rusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi kerusakan pipa jaringan distribusi (2) menganalisis tingkat risiko kerusakan pipa jaringan distribusi (3) menganalisis persepsi pelanggan terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas air PDAM Kota Singkawang. Metode untuk mengetahui tingkat kerusakan pipa adalah survei, wawancara dan uji laboratorium untuk kualitas air. Kualitas air dianalisis secara deskriptif dan di bandingkan dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010. Risiko kerusakan pipa dianalisis kualitatif berdasarkan Australian/New Zealand Standard 4360:1999 dan dievaluasi dengan matriks risiko kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian adalah total 78,55 % pipa di jaringan distribusi Kota Singkawang merupakan pipa yang rusak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kualitas air, area jaringan 3 yang terjauh dari IPA memiliki tingkat kerusakan pipa dan risiko terhadap pelanggan lebih tinggi. Risiko kehilangan air, tekanan rendah, air tidak terdistribusi, banjir termasuk risiko besar. Risiko penambahan biaya pengolahan air, bahan kimia dan jam operasional, pergantian pipa rusak dan pasokan air berkurang termasuk risiko tinggi. Risiko Service life dan kualitas pipa menurun, genangan, kemacetan, erosi pondasi jalan dan bangunan, kerusakan badan jalan termasuk risiko sedang dan gangguan tiang listrik termasuk risiko rendah. Tingkat sosial ekonomi tidak mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap kualitas air, tetapi mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap kuantitas air. Untuk mengurangi risiko-risiko ini diperlukan upaya mitigasi pengurangan risiko. Kata Kunci : Kerusakan pipa, PDAM, Matriks Risiko

Based on performance assessment by Water Supply Support and Development Agency in 2012, Singkawang Water Supply Company status is unhealthy. Leakage rate distribution in 2013 was 53.12%, higher than the leakage index as permitted under the National Standards of Public Works Department, that is 20%. One of the reason is technical problem. The condition of aged distribution pipelines can cause damage to the pipes and risk to company, customers, communities and the environment around the damaged pipe. This study aims to (1) identify the pipeline damage in distribution network (2) analyze the risk level of pipeline damage in distribution network (3) analyze customers perception on water quality and quantity in Singkawang Water Supply Company. Method to determined the level of pipes damage are survey, interviews and laboratory test for water quality. Water quality was analyzed descriptively and in comparison with the Regulation Ministry of Health Indonesia Republic No. 492/Menkes/PER/IV/2010. The risks of pipe damage were analyzed qualitatively based on the Australian/New Zealand Standard 4360: 1999 and evaluated with qualitative risk matrix. The results of the study were total 78.55% of pipes in the distribution network is damaged. Based on the analysis of water quality, the network in area 3 have the highest level of pipe damage and risk to customers. The risk of losing water, low water pressure, water undistributed and flood include in large risk. The risk of the increased costs for water treatment, chemicals and operating hours, replace damage pipes and reduction water supply include in high risk. The risk of decrease service life and pipes quality, puddles, congestion, erosion on roads and building foundation and pavement damage include in moderate risk. While disturbances on electrical poles includes in low risk. Socioeconomic level did not affect the public perception on water quality, but it affects the public perception on water quantity. Therefore needed a risk mitigation to reduce these risks. Keywords: Pipe damage, PDAM, Risk Matrix

Kata Kunci : Kerusakan pipa, PDAM, Matriks Risiko; Pipe damage, PDAM, Risk Matrix