DILEMA KEAMANAN LIMA NEGARA DI KAWASAN ASIA TIMUR

ARIF MULIAWAN, Drs. Usmar Salam., MIS.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

These theses titled “Security Dilemma’s of the Five States in Eastern Asia”. The main problem on these theses is “The response of the five states – China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and North Korea – facing security dilemma‟s in the region by increasing both conventional and non-conventional military forces”. The main problem in this research based on the question: How every five states – China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and North Korea – response and compete on increasing their defense capability? The range of this research focused on the events after Cold War period, especially after 9/11. The method which used on this research is qualitative method, by exploring literature sources which collected as available data. This research divide into five chapters, introduction, available data about increasing defense capacity of the five states which strengthened by theoretical view, the growing capacity of non-conventional military forces on every five states, the increase of conventional military power on every five states, and conclusion. According to research, there is some conclusion. First, every five states increase their defense capability for deterrence, which causing security dilemma on the region. Second, both China and North Korea growing their non-conventional military forces by deploying ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons, while Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, grow their non-conventional military forces by building anti-missile defense system. Third, China increasing conventional military forces by produce new armaments on their navy and air forces, such as aircraft carrier, submarines, and stealth fighter jets, while North Korea maximize their submarines and mine layer fleet capability for their navy, and deploy drones for their air forces, for Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, increasing their conventional military forces by upgrading their anti-submarine warfare capability and produce and producing new warships, such as destroyers and submarines for their navy, and deploying or bought stealth fighter jets for their air forces. Keywords: Security Dilemma, Deterrence, Conventional Military Forces, Non- Conventional Military Forces

Tesis ini berjudul “Dilema Keamanan Lima Negara di Kawasan Asia Timur”. Masalah utama yang diangkat dalam tesis ini adalah “Respon kelima negara – China, Jepang, Korea Selatan, Taiwan, dan Korea Utara – dalam menghadapi dilema keamanan di kawasan dengan meningkatkan kekuatan militer konvensional dan non-konvensional”. Masalah utama tersebut kemudian dirumuskan dalam pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu Bagaimana kelima negara – China, Jepang, Taiwan, Korea Selatan, dan Korea Utara – bersaing dan merespon peningkatan kekuatan pertahanannya masing-masing? Jangkauan penelitian difokuskan pada upaya kelima negara meningkatkan kemampuan pertahanannya pasca Perang Dingin, terutama pasca peristiwa 9/11. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, melalui eksplorasi terhadap data yang dikumpulkan dalam bentuk studi literatur. Penelitian dibagi kedalam lima bagian, yaitu pendahuluan, data mengenai peningkatan pertahanan kelima negara yang disertai dengan tinjauan teoritik, pengembangan kekuatan militer non-konvensional kelima negara, peningkatan kekuatan militer konvensional kelima negara, dan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama, peningkatan kemampuan pertahanan kelima negara ditujukan untuk mengatasi dilema keamanannya dengan memberikan daya gentar terhadap negara-negara lainnya. Kedua, China dan Korea Utara mengembangkan kekuatan militer non-konvensional dengan mengembangkan rudal balistik dan senjata nuklir, sementara Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Taiwan, membangun sistem pertahanan anti-rudal. Ketiga, China meningkatkan kekuatan militer konvensionalnya dengan memproduksi kapal induk dan kapal selam untuk angkatan lautnya, dan jet tempur siluman untuk angkatan udaranya, sementara Korea Utara memaksimalkan kekuatan armada kapal selam dan kapal penebar ranjau untuk angkatan lautnya, dan mengembangkan pesawat nirawak untuk angkatan udaranya, adapun Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Taiwan, meningkatkan kemampuan peperangan anti-kapal selam dan memproduksi beberapa jenis kapal perang terbaru seperti kapal selam dan kapal perusak untuk angkatan lautnya, dan mengembangkan atau membeli armada jet tempur siluman. Kata Kunci: Dilema Keamanan, Daya Gentar, Kekuatan Militer Konvensional, Kekuatan Militer Non-Konvensional

Kata Kunci : Security Dilemma, Deterrence, Conventional Military Forces, Non- Conventional Military Forces; Dilema Keamanan, Daya Gentar, Kekuatan Militer Konvensional, Kekuatan Militer Non-Konvensional