PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING ASI (MP-ASI) SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI KECAMATAN SEDAYU, KABUPATEN BANTUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

HILDAGARDIS M.E. NAI, Prof.dr.Hamam Hadi, MS, Sc.D.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

pertumbuhan linear sebagai akibat dari kondisi kesehatan dan gizi yang tidak optimal. Anak-anak menjadi stunted bila mereka tidak menerima kuantitas dan kualitas MP-ASI yang cukup. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi risiko usia pengenalan MP-ASI, keragaman MP-ASI, dan frekuensi pemberian MP-ASI terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan kasus-kontrol berpasangan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif-kualitatif model concurrent embedded. Populasi penelitian adalah anak usia 6-23 bulan pada kurun waktu Februari-April 2014. Pemilihan kasus menggunakan metode total sampling dengan total kasus sebanyak 126 orang. Perbandingan kasus-kontrol adalah 1:1. Total kasus-kontrol sebesar 252 orang. Pemilihan informan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariabel (deskriptif), bivariabel (uji chi-square) dan multivariabel (uji regresi logistik berganda). Hasil: Analisis bivariabel menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia pengenalan MP-ASI (OR=1,07; CI=0,65-1,76), keragaman MP-ASI (OR=1,17; CI=0,72-1,93), dan frekuensi pemberian MP-ASI (OR=1,69; CI=0,78-3,64) dengan kejadian stunting. Skor keragaman MP-ASI yang lebih rendah (≤2, 3, 4 kelompok makanan) berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kejadian stunting (OR=2,24;CI=1,00-5,01; OR=1,82, CI=0,96-3,45; OR=1,66,CI=0,81-3,46 secara berturut-turut). Analisis multivariabel menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tinggi badan ibu (OR=1,86; CI=1,07-3,26) dan riwayat BBLR (OR=3,23; CI=1,09-9,55) dengan kejadian stunting. Kesimpulan: Usia pengenalan MP-ASI, keragaman MP-ASI, dan frekuensi pemberian MP-ASI bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting. Peningkatan jumlah kelompok makanan harian dalam MP-ASI penting untuk memperbaiki status gizi anak. Tinggi badan ibu dan riwayat BBLR adalah faktor risiko kejadian stunting. Kata kunci: stunting, baduta, usia pengenalan MP-ASI, keragaman, frekuensi

Background: Stunting reflects a process of failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of suboptimal health or nutrition conditions. Children will become stunted if they do not receive an adequate quantity and quality of complementary foods after six months of age. The objective of the study was to identify age introduction of complementarary foods, dietary diversity, and meal frequency as a risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. Methods: The study used both quantitative methods as well as case control design and qualitative through interview. The study population was children aged 6-23 months in Sedayu Subdistrict from February to April 2014. Cases were selected with total sampling methods with total cases were 126 children. Case-control ratio was 1:1. Subject consisted of 252 children of 6-23 months. Data were analyzed by using univariable (descriptive), bivariable (chi-square test), and multivariable analysis (multiple logistic regression). Result: The result of bivariable analysis showed that age introduction of complementary foods (OR=1,07;95%CI=0,65-1,76), dietary diversity (OR=1,17; 95%CI=0,72-1,93), and meal frequency (OR=1,69;95%CI=0,78-3,64) had no significant relationship with incidence of stunting. However, compared with high dietary diversity score, low dietary diversity score (≤2, 3, 4 food groups) was associated with increased odds of being stunted among children aged 6-23 months (OR=2,24;CI=1,00-5,01; OR=1,82, CI=0,96-3,45; OR=1,66,CI=0,81-3,46 respectively). The result of multivariable analysis showed that mother’s height (OR=1,86; CI=1,07-3,26) and story of low birth weight (OR=3,23; CI=1,09-9,55) had significant relationship with incidence of stunting. Conclusion: Age introduction of complementary foods, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were not risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. The inclusion of a variety of food groups into complementary foods may be essential to improve child nutritional status. Mother’s height and story of low birth weight were risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. Key words: stunting, children aged 6-23 months, age introduction of complementary foods, dietary diversity, meal frequency.

Kata Kunci : stunting, baduta, usia pengenalan MP-ASI, keragaman, frekuensi; stunting, children aged 6-23 months, age introduction of complementary foods, dietary diversity, meal frequency