DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN LAHAN KRITIS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BUDI DAYA LELE DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL, YOGYAKARTA

NUR INDAH SEPTRIANI, Prof. Dr. Sudarmadji, M.Eng, Sc.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas daerah pertanian lahan kritis di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, masyarakat memanfaatkan lahan untuk budidaya lele lahan kering, agar program ini berkelanjutan diperlukan kajian daya dukung lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji daya dukung lingkungan dalam pengembangan budidaya lele secara spasial, membuat pemetaan daya dukung lingkungan dalam pengembangan budidaya lele, menentukan teknologi yang tepat dalam pengembangan budidaya lele di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik, scoring, pembobotan, yang dilakukan terhadap variabel potensi dan existing, dan overlay peta kualitas air, kuantitas air, curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, dan penggunaan lahan, dan potensi sosial ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya dukung lingkungan total perbukitan Baturagung bernilai 71,73%, Ledok Wonosari 76,42%, dan Perbukitan Karst 67,59%. Luas zona prioritas pengembangan budidaya lele ada 14,02% dari keseluruhan luas Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Zona tersebut diantaranya terletak di Perbukitan Baturagung 3,23%, Ledok Wonosari 7,19%, Perbukitan Karst 3,58% dari keseluruhan luas Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Berdasarkan peta prioritas pengembangan lele, persebaran jumlah Pokdakan dan penggunaan teknologi belum proporsional sesuai dengan potensi lingkungan yang ada. Seharusnya pengembangan Pokdakan lebih diprioritaskan di Ledok Wonosari atau lahan prioritas I, yaitu Kecamatan Playen, Wonosari, Semanu, Paliyan, Karangmojo, Semin dan Ngawen. Lahan berprioritas tinggi dapat dioptimalkan dengan pengembangan budidaya lele teknologi intensif, prioritas sedang dioptimalkan dengan teknologi semi-intensif, sedangkan non-prioritas dapat dioptimalkan dengan teknologi ekstensif atau sebagai daerah konservasi air. Kata kunci : lahan kritis, daya dukung lingkungan, overlay peta, lele

In order to increase the agricultural productivity of marginal land areas in Gunungkidul, the community takes advantage of the drylands for catfish farming. The productivity is yet to be optimal as the sustainable program. Study using mapping technology was required to optimize the production of catfish farming. The purposes of this study was to examine the spatial capacity of the environment, to map sustainable land use, and to determine the applied technology to develop catfish farming in Gunungkidul. We used statistical analysis, scoring and weighting, for potential and existing variables, which were water quality, water quantity, slope, soil type, rainfall, land use, and socioeconomic potentials. We overlayed the variables using Geographic Information System (GIS) application to determine the suitable area for catfish farming. We found that, environmental carrying capacity was 71.73% in Baturagung, 76.42% in Ledok Wonosari, and 67.59% in Karst hills. The prioritized land areas for catfish farming development were 14.02% of the total area of Gunungkidul, with zones 3.23% located in Baturagung, 7.19% in Ledok Wonosari, and 3.58% in Karst Hills of the total area of Gunungkidul. The distribution of Pokdakan and existing technology was not suitable with the state of land potentials. To optimize the production we suggest that the farming be developed in priority land. The priority of development of the catfish farming was in Ledok Wonosari, or priority land I, comprising the sub-districts of Playen, Wonosari, Semanu, Paliyan, Karangmojo, Semin, and Ngawen. We formulated recommendation that high priority land be developed through technological intensification, medium priority land be developed with semi-intensive technology, while non priority land be developed with extensive technology or as water conservation area. Keywords: marginal land, environmental carrying capacity, catfish, map overlay

Kata Kunci : lahan kritis, daya dukung lingkungan, overlay peta, lele; marginal land, environmental carrying capacity, catfish, map overlay