EMHA AINUN NADJIB DALAM ARENA SASTRA DAN ARENA SOSIAL

LATIEF SETIA NUGRAHA, Dr. Aprinus Salam, M.Hum.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Sastra

Kesastrawanan Emha Ainun Nadjib dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengkaji pencapaian posisi kesastrawanan Nadjib dalam arena sastra dan arena sosial. Sebagaimana diketahui, kesastrawanan Nadjib telah berlangsung lama dan dibuktikan dengan banyaknya karya yang telah diterbitkan. Nadjib dikenal sebagai sosok multitalenta dengan bermacam label, mulai dari penyair, sastrawan, budayawan, cendekiawan, pekerja sosial, kolomnis, seminaris, kiai (spiritual leader), politikus, artis, humoris, dan penyanyi. Dari hal tersebut ada sejumlah masalah yang kemudian dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Masalah tersebut dibatasi menjadi tiga, yakni (1) arena kekuasaan dan arena sastra Indonesia yang mendominasi Nadjib, (2) disposisi Nadjib dalam arena sastra dan arena sosial, dan (3) strategi yang dilakukan Nadjib, peran agen, dan pencapaian posisi di arena sastra dan arena sosial. Untuk membahas ketiga persoalan tersebut, penelitian ini mendasarkan analisis pada teori sosiologi sastra Pierre Bourdieu dalam menguraikan arena produksi kultural Nadjib. Melalui teori sosiologi sastra Pierre Bourdieu, dijelaskan habitus, yang meliputi arena, modal, strategi, trajektori, dan capaian Nadjib di arena sastra hingga arena sosial di Indonesia dan dunia internasional. Keberadaan Nadjib bersama PSK dalam arena sastra Yogyakarta di dalam arena kekuasaan Orde Baru merupakan hubungan-hubungan yang memberikan pengaruh besar dalam karier dan keseluruhan aktivitasnya. Di samping itu, prosesproses dan konstelasi yang terjadi dalam kehadiran karya sastra, dan bagaimana keberadaan karya sastra merupakan pengaruh dari proses-proses historis dan sosial terkait dengan kesastrawanan Nadjib. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Nadjib tidak dapat mencapai posisi mapan dengan hanya mengandalkan karya sastranya, namun lebih karena gerakan sosial dan politik yang dilakukan dalam pergulatannya di arena sastra dan arena sosial. Eksistensi Nadjib dalam menempati posisinya, banyak mengolah peristiwa-peristiwa di lingkungan sosial masa Orde Baru. Nadjib berhasil mengelola modal dengan strategi rekonvensi dan strategi reproduksi dalam rangka mengaplikasikan ide-idenya. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk mengakumulasi modal dalam meraih, mempertahankan, serta meningkatkan pengakuan sosial dalam arena sastra nasional yang selanjutnya bertrajektori ke arena sosial yang lebih luas. Dalam mencapai posisi yang tinggi di arena sastra nasional dan arena sosial, Nadjib senantiasa mendayagunakan sastra ke berbagai arena yang dimasuki. Nadjib memanfaatkan karya-karyanya dengan memproduksi dan mereproduksi yang diarahkan pada serangkaian gerakan kulturalnya. Selebihnya, peran agen di sekelilingnya juga memiliki pengaruh besar dalam mengokohkan nama dan posisinya dalam konstelasi di arena sastra dan sosial, baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia internasional. Kata kunci: Emha Ainun Nadjib, sosiologi sastra Pierre Bourdieu, pencapaian posisi, arena sastra, arena sosial.

Emha Ainun Nadjib’s matters of literature is widely known throughout Indonesian. This study observes Nadjib’s matters of literature achievement in literature and social field as well. As it is widely known, matters of literature has been attached to Nadjib since long ago and it is proven by many of his published works. Nadjib known as a multitalented figure along with some labels, like poet, writer, humanist, scholar, social worker, columnist, seminarians, kiai (Islamic spiritual leader), politician, artist, humorist, and singer. The facts about Nadjib’s figure lead to some problems that be discussed in this study. The problems covering three areas, (1) the field of power and the field of Indonesian literature dominated Nadjib, (2) Nadjib's dispotition in literature and social field, and (3) Nadjib’s strategies employment, the role of agent, and the achievement of his position in literature and social field. This study uses the sociological literature theory proposed by Pierre Bourdieu to analyze the problems occur especially in order to unravel Nadjib’s cultural field. Sociological literature theory by Pierre Bourdieu is used to explain habitus which covers field, capital, strategy, trajectory, and Nadjib’s achievement in field of literature as well as field of social in national and international scope. Nadjib’s involvement in PSK in field of literature in Yogyakarta within arena of power in the era of New Order gives a great contribution in his whole career and activities. Besides, processes and constellation take part in the emergence of literary work and its existence are the result of historical and social process associate with Nadjib’s matters of literature. The result of the study shows that Nadjib cannot achieve his current position by relying only on his literary works, but also by relying on his social and political movements which are done in literature and social field. Nadjib’s disposition takes role in many events in social environment in the era of New Order. Nadjib successfully manages capital with reproduction strategy and reconvention strategy to apply his ideas. Those strategies are employed to accumulate capital for achieving, maintaining, and improving social recognition in the field of national literature which further creates trajectory to a wider social field. In achieving a high position in the national literature and social field, Nadjib always utilize literature into various fields. Nadjib utilizes many of his works by producing and reproducing then directed them to a series of cultural movement. The rest, the role of agents around him also have a major influence in cementing his name and position in the constellation of literature and social field in both national and international. Key word: Emha Ainun Nadjib, sociological literature Pierre Bourdieu, position achievement, field of literature, field of social

Kata Kunci : Emha Ainun Nadjib, sosiologi sastra Pierre Bourdieu, pencapaian posisi, arena sastra, arena sosial; sociological literature Pierre Bourdieu, position achievement, field of literature, field of social