HUBUNGAN ANTARA DEFISIENSI BESI DENGAN ATTENTION/DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PADA ANAK

DESI FAJAR SUSANTI, Prof.dr. Sunartini Hapsara, Sp.A(K).

2015 | Tesis | SP ILMU KESEHATAN ANAK

Latar Belakang Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) merupakan gangguan perilaku yang paling banyak dijumpai pada anak. Terdapat beberapa teori tentang mekanisme terjadinya ADHD namum defisit dopamin merupakan salah satu teori yang paling banyak diterima. Defisiensi besi diduga berperan dalam kejadian ADHD melalui perubahan neurotransmiter dopamin. Feritin serum merupakan indikator reliabel simpanan besi dalam tubuh termasuk otak. Tujuan Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara defisiensi besi dan kejadian ADHD pada anak. Metode Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di RSUP Dr Sardjito dan Pusat Pengkajian dan Pengamatan Tumbuh Kembang Anak (P3TKA) Yogyakarta. Diagnosis ADHD berdasarkan kriteria DSM IV-TR. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara consecutive mencakup 35 anak dengan ADHD and 35 anak tanpa ADHD. Dilakukan pengukuran kadar serum feritin pada semua subyek. Hubungan antara defisiensi besi dengan ADHD dianalisis dengan chi square dan rerata feritin serum dengan uji Mean Whitney Hasil Kadar feritin serum yang rendah ditemukan pada 34% anak dengan ADHD dan 25% pada anak tanpa ADHD tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan rerata feritin serum pada pasien ADHD dan tanpa ADHD (24.4 ±22.04 μg/L vs.24.4±19.9 μg/L, p > 0,01). Kesimpulan Prevalensi defisiensi besi lebih tinggi pada anak ADHD dibandingkan anak tanpa ADHD tetapi tidak berbeda secara bermakna.

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral impairment that is common in children. There are many theories developed to explain the mechanism of ADHD but dopamine deficit is the most accepted theory. Iron deficiency is thought to have a role in ADHD through changing dopamine neurotransmitter. Serum ferritin is a reliable indicator to see iron storages in the body including brain. Purpose To review the relationship between iron deficiency and ADHD in children. Method Cross sectional study is conducted in RSUP Dr Sardjito and Pusat Pengkajian dan Pengamatan Tumbuh Kembang Anak (P3TKA) Yogyakarta. The diagnosis of ADHD is made using DSM IV-TR criteria. Study subjects are selected consecutively obtaining 35 children with ADHD and 35 children without ADHD. Measurement of serum ferritin is carried out in all subjects. The relationship between iron deficiency and ADHD is analyzed using chi square and the mean of serum ferritin using Mean Whitney. Results Low serum ferritin is found in 34% children with ADHD and 25% children without ADHD, but statistically it’s not meaningful. This study also shows that there is no difference of serum ferritin in children with ADHD and children without ADHD (24.4 ±22.04 μg/L vs.24.4±19.9 μg/L, p > 0,01). Conclusions The prevalence of iron deficiency is higher in children with ADHD than children without ADHD, but the difference is not meaningful.

Kata Kunci : attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, feritin, defisiensi besi