HUBUNGAN CITRA TUBUH DENGAN PENGONTROLAN BERAT BADAN PADA REMAJA PUTRI SMA KOTA YOGYAKARTA

ALFI FAIRUZ ASNA, Prof. dr. M. Juffrie, Ph. D, Sp. A(K) ; A. Fahmi A. Tsani, M.Sc

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Overweight dan obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan utama, baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang. Remaja yang mengalami obesitas cenderung menjadi obesitas pada saat dewasa. Body image/citra tubuh memainkan peranan penting pada manajemen berat badan, terutama di kalangan remaja putri. Menyadari kelebihan berat badan merupakan salah satu langkah untuk menerapkan perubahan dalam diet dan aktivitas fisik, tahap selanjutnya adalah mencoba untuk menurunkan berat badan. Citra tubuh yang buruk adalah salah satu calon prediktor terkuat obesitas, binge eating, dan perilaku pengontrolan berat badan yang ekstrim. Tujuan Penelitian: mengetahui hubungan antara citra tubuh dengan pengontrolan berat badan pada remaja putri SMA Kota Yogyakarta. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observational dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah remaja putri SMA Negeri di Kota Yogyakarta berusia antara 15-18 tahun yang memenuhi criteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Jumlah sampel untuk skrining ditentukan dengan metode cluster sampling kemudian diambil sub sampel berdasarkan hasil skrining menggunakan simple random sampling. Data citra tubuh diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuisiooner body shape questionnaire 34. Data tentang pengontrolan berat badan diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner weight control behaviors scale (WCBS). Data asupan energi dan aktivitas fisik diperoleh dari multiple recall 24 jam. Hasil Penelitian: Diantara subjek yang tidak puas terhadap citra tubuhnya lebih banyak yang overweight dibandingkan yang normal. Hasil analisis chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status overweight dengan citra tubuh (p<0,05). Diantara subjek yang melakukan pengontrolan berat badan, presentase subjek lebih banyak yang merasa tidak puas dibandingkan yang puas terhadap citra tubuhnya. Hasil analisis chi square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara citra tubuh dengan penontrolan berat badan (p<0,05) Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status overweight dengan citra tubuh. Terdapat hubungan antara citra tubuh dengan pengontrolan berat badan. Kata kunci: citra tubuh, pengontrolan berat badan, remaja putri SMA

Background: Adolescent is a period of transition that involves changing the physiological, psychological, and social development which can contribute to excess body weight. Adolescents who are obese tend to become obese in adulthood with greater risk of health problems. In adolescence there are changes on physical, biological, and cognitive, quickly and drastically. This rapid change raises its own response to the juvenile form of behavior that is very concerned about her body shape changes. Adolescents often feel dissatisfied with body image and want to change their body, especially to lose weight. Objective: To investigate the relationship between overweight status with body image and determine the association between body image with weight control diets. Methods: This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. This study was carried out on female high school students in Yogyakarta. Subjects were 140 people. Body image was measured by body image-34 questionnaire (BSQ-34); weight control diet was measured by weight control behaviors scale that modified; and overweight status were classified into normal and overweight. Data were analyzed by chi square test. Results: There were 23 (32.86%) overweight subjects who feel dissatisfied with their body image. Whereas among normal subjects, there were 8 (11.43%) who feel dissatisfied with her body image. The results of chi-square test showed that there was a significant association between overweight status with body image (p <0.05). There were 24 (77.42%) subjects who are dissatisfied with her body image on a weight control. Whereas among subjects who satisfied with her body image, there were 41 (37.61%) who go on a weight control. The results of Chi-square test showed that there was a significant association between body image with weight control diet (p <0.000). Subjects who are dissatisfied tend to go on a weight control. Conclusion: There is a significant association between overweight status with body image and body image with weight control. Key words: body image, weight control, female adolescent, high school

Kata Kunci : citra tubuh, pengontrolan berat badan, remaja putri SMA