ASI EKSKLUSIF SEBAGAI FAKTOR PROTEKTIF RINITIS ALERGI PADA ANAK

THRISIA WURYANTI, dr. Sumadiono, Sp.A(K).

2015 | Tesis | SP ILMU KESEHATAN ANAK

Latar belakang. Prevalensi rinitis alergi di dunia semakin meningkat termasuk di Indonesia. Rinitis alergi menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup penderita dan sedini mungkin dicegah agar proses tumbuh kembang anak optimal. Faktor pencegah diantaranya dengan pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) secara eksklusif. Tujuan. Mengetahui apakah pemberian ASI eksklusif merupakan faktor protektif terhadap rinitis alergi pada anak di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode. Rancang penelitian kasus kontrol berpasangan, analisis Mc.Nemar dan conditional logistic regression. Populasi target murid sekolah dasar di Yogyakarta dengan rinitis alergi sebagai kasus (diagnosis berdasarkan kriteria AIRA, kuesioner ISAAC, uji tusuk kulit). Matching berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Informasi pemberian ASI dengan wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil. Selama Desember 2010 – Januari 2011. Subyek penelitian adalah 55 kasus dan 55 kontrol. Alergen terbanyak menimbulkan alergi adalah kutu rumah. Pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap rinitis alergi mempunyai rasio odds 0,23; IK 95% 0,08-061; p 0,23. Paparan asap rokok terhadap alergi mempunyai rasio odds 3,07; IK 95% 1,23-7,68; p 0,016. Kesimpulan.ASI eksklusif merupakan faktor protektif terhadap rinitis alergi pada anak. Kata kunci: asi eksklusif, rinitis alergi, anak, sekolah dasar, kasus kontrol berpasangan, conditional logistic regression

Background: Prevalence of allergic rhinitis has risen for last decades including in Indonesia. Allergic rhinitis is one manifestation of disease type I hypersensitivity reaction that can cause loss of quality of life of sufferers. Allergic disease arising in children as early as possible should be prevented because children need the process to grow and develop optimally. Among them is a deterrent to breast-feeding (breast milk) exclusively. Objective: to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of allergic rhinitis in children in Yogyakarta Province. Method: We conducted a matching case-control study in primary school age children in Yogyakarta during December 2010-January 2011. Inclusion criteria of case group were all children with rhinitis allergic (evaluate diagnosis based on AIRA criteria, ISAAC questionnaire, skin prict test) and breastfeeding pattern were obtained by questionnaire and direct interview. We used McNemar test, conditional multivariate logistic regression to look for significant factors. Result: There were 55 children with rhinitis allergy and 55 children control subjects. Their mean ages was 9 years old. We found that exclusive breastfeeding was a significant protective factor for allergic rhinitis (OR 0,23; IK 95% 0,08-061; p 0,23.) and cigarrette smoke exposure was a risk factor for allergic rhinitis (OR 3,07; IK 95% 1,23-7,68; p 0,016). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding is a protective factor for allergic rhinitis in children. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, allergic rhinitis, primary school age children, matching case control, conditional logistic regression

Kata Kunci : asi eksklusif, rinitis alergi, anak, sekolah dasar, kasus kontrol berpasangan, conditional logistic regression; exclusive breastfeeding, allergic rhinitis, primary school age children, matching case control, conditional logistic regression