MAKNA SHALAWATAN BERSAMA PADA PENGAJIAN MOCOPAT SYAFAAT DI DUSUN JETIS KASIHAN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA BAGI PESERTA SHALAWATAN

KAISAR ATMAJA, Dr. M. Supraja

2015 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Fenomena kapitalisasi dan politisasi agama, bukan gejala baru dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Individu kerap terjebak pada simbolisme agama, seakan lupa dengan substansi nilai, dan penerapannya dalam kehidupan sosial keseharian. Perbedaan pemahaman, kerap memicu tindak kekerasan yang merusak akhlak sesama. Hari sekarang, tidak mudah memilah dan memilih aktifitas sosial keagamaan yang luput dari fenomena di awal. Bahkan interaksi dalam kehidupan keseharian pun sarat dengan orientasi kepentingan kapital. Di tengah kapitalisasi dan politisasi agama; di sela-sela semaraknya kehidupan masyarakat kota dengan pola dan gaya hidup glamor, hedon dan konsumtif, ternyata masih ditemui fenomena sosial keagamaan yang kurang begitu populer. Suatu fenomena janggal dan mengherankan, mengetahui terdapat banyak individu berlama-lama bershalawat bersama sejak lepas isya hingga jelang subuh dini hari, pada pengajian Mocopat Syafaat di Dusun Jetis Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta. Bagaimanakah konstruksi pemaknaan mereka terhadap pengajian tersebut? Lalu, bagaimana pula konstruksi pemaknaan itu, dipahami kembali oleh mereka dalam konteks kehidupan sosial sehari-harinya? Studi ini memaparkan konstruksi pemaknaan peserta shalawatan terhadap pengajian Mocopat Syafaat, berikut pemaknaan mereka dalam konteks kehidupan sosial sehari-harinya. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Proses pelacakan dokumen terkait sudah dilalui. Pengamatan dan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah peserta shalawatan informan, juga telah dilakukan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa peserta shalawatan memiliki konsep diri sebagai Jamaah Maiyah: Jamaah Maiyah Mandiri, dan Jamaah Maiyah Relasi. Jamaah Maiyah Mandiri punya alasan internal-mandiri saat datang pertama kali, dan memilih aktif-intensif atas dasar motif-karena, yang berorientasi masa lalu. Jamaah Maiyah Relasi punya alasan eksternal-relasional saat datang pertama kali, dan memilih aktif-intensif atas dasar motif-agar, yang berorientasi masa akan datang. Jamaah Maiyah Mandiri, dan Jamaah Maiyah Relasi memaknai pengajian Mocopat Syafaat sebagai “ladang ilmu.” Mereka mendapatkan khasanah pengetahuan baru berupa pencerahan intelektual, kultural dan spiritual. Keterlibatan-aktif mereka, dilatari atmosfer kebersamaan, diskusi egaliter, dan muatan-muatan budaya yang mereka dapatkan pada pengajian Mocopat Syafaat. Keberadaan Figur (Emha) tidak bisa dinafikan signifikansinya. Dia (Emha) layaknya significant other, sosok berpengaruh yang memiliki reputasi dalam pandangan Jamaah Maiyah. Pada tataran praksis kehidupan sosial seharihari, Jamaah Maiyah mempunyai prinsip berbagi dan melayani, serta bermanfaat bagi banyak orang lain. Mereka mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai pengajian Mocopat Syafaat terutama dalam dunia profesinya. Mereka merasa lebih dapat menerima perbedaan pandangan dalam bidang agama, politik, sosial, dan budaya secara luas. Mereka, menemukan semangat baru, rasa percaya diri dan pandangan optimis dalam menatap kemungkinan-kemungkinan positif di hari depan. Kata kunci: peserta shalawatan, mocopat syafaat, jamaah maiyah

The phenomena of capitalization and politization to religion is not new in our life. Individuals are often caught in symbolism of religion, seeming to forget the very substance of it, as well as its implementation in daily social life. Difference of understandings often triggers violence, disrupting collective morality. Today, it is not easy to classify and choose which social religious activity is free from the above phenomena. Moreover, interaction in daily life is full of capitalist interest orientation. Among capitalization and politization to religion, as well as the life of city people with their glamorous, hedonic, and consumptive lifestyle, there exists a quite unpopular social religious phenomenon. It is unusual and surprising to know that many people linger and send their prayers of peace upon Prophet Muhammad SAW, starting from post-Isya (last of five prayer times, at night) time to the time ahead of Subuh (first of five prayer times, at dawn), in religious gathering (pengajian) called Mocopat Syafaat in Jetis Village, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. How do they construct meaning about the pengajian? Then, how does the construction of meaning perceived further in their daily social life? The study discloses the shalawatan participants’ construction of meaning on pengajian Mocopat Syafaat, as well as how the meaning is implemented in their daily social life. Qualitative method and phenomenologist approach are employed in this research. Investigation of related documents, observation, and indepth interview to a number of shalawatan participants were also conducted. The results indicate that the participants have self-concepts as Jamaah Maiyah (Maiyah followers): Independent Jamaah Maiyah and Relational Jamaah Maiyah. Independent Jamaah Maiyah have internal-independent reason on their first visit to the pengajian, and decided to be active-intensive based on “because” motive, while orientating to the past. Meanwhile, Relational Jamaah Maiyah have external-relational reason on their first visit to the pengajian, and decided to be active-intensive based on “in-order-to” motive, while orientating to the future. Independent Jamaah Maiyah and Relational Jamaah Maiyah comprehend pengajian Mocopat Syafaat as “field of knowledge.” They gained a horizon of new knowledge in terms of intellectual, cultural, and spiritual enlightenment. Their active involvement, with an atmosphere of togetherness, egalitarian discussions, and cultural values complete what they gained from the pengajian. The significance of the presence of Figure (Emha) cannot be denied. He, as the significant other, is an influential figure of reputation in the view of Jamaah Maiyah. In practical level of daily social life, the principles of Jamaah Maiyah is to share and to serve, as well as to be beneficial to other people. They implement the values of pengajian Mocopat Syafaat particularly in their professional world. They tend to be able to accept different points of view in religion, politics, social, and culture. They find new spirit, confidence, and optimistic view in facing positive possibilities in the future. Keywords: shalawatan participants, mocopat syafaat, jamaah maiyah

Kata Kunci : peserta shalawatan, mocopat syafaat, jamaah maiyah; shalawatan participants, mocopat syafaat, jamaah maiyah