PENGALAMAN KESEPIAN PADA PENDERITA AFASIA PASCASTROKE
MUSDALIFAH DACHRUD, Prof., Dr., Amitya Kumara M.S.
2014 | Disertasi | S3 PsikologiMasih sedikit kajian psikologi mengenai penderita afasia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengalaman kejiwaan penderita afasia pascastroke. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan fenomenologi naratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Total keseluruhan subjek delapan orang, lima laki-laki dan tiga perempuan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan fenomenologi naratif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penderita afasia pascastroke mengalami beban ganda akibat kelumpuhan fisik dan keterbatasan dalam berkomunikasi. Subjek mengalami hambatan dalam memenuhi beragam kebutuhannya, sehingga subjek mengalami sejumlah masalah psikososial. Pada masa awal mengalami afasia, subjek merasa terkejut, bingung, cemas, dan takut. Perasaan kehilangan tersebut yang menyebabkan mereka merasa kesepian. Subjek merasa dirinya terpisah dari berbagai aspek penting dalam hidupnya, orang lain, alam semesta, Tuhan, termasuk dengan dirinya sendiri. Ada empat jenis kesepian yang dialami subjek. Kesepian fisik muncul dalam bentuk ketidakberdayaan subjek untuk mengontrol tubuhnya sendiri, sehingga mereka sering merasa jengkel. Kesepian sosial subjek terlihat dari perasaan terasing, rendah diri, malu, dan cemburu. Kesepian emosional terlihat dari perasaan diabaikan atau kurang diperhatikan orang sekitar. Kesepian eksistensial muncul ketika subjek tidak mampu mentransendensikan dirinya. Kesepian mempengaruhi pertumbuhan batin individu. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan batin diantaranya kematangan emosional dan spiritual, harapan, dukungan sosial, serta nilai dan norma budaya. Individu yang berhasil melakukan pertumbuhan batin mereka akan mengalami diri sebagai diri yang baru. Diri yang otentik, lebih tenang, sabar, lebih dekat dengan Tuhan.
Psychological study of people with aphasia is still rare to find. The aims of this study is to determine the psychological experience of post-stroke aphasia patients. This study uses qualitative and narrative phenomenological approaches. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observation, and documentation. Totally, there are eight (8) subjects in this research, consists of five men and three women. The data was analyze with phenomenological and narrative approaches. The results of this study indicate that people with poststroke aphasia experience a double burden due to physical disability and limitation in communication. They have difficulties in fulfilling their needs. This results in a variety psychosocial problems that they have to face. In the early days suffered from aphasia, subjects was shocked, confused, anxious, and fearful. The loss feeling makes them feel the loneliness. Subjects feels that they are separ ated from whole important aspects in their life, from others, universe, God, and including themself. There are four types of loneliness experienced by the subjects in this research. Physical loneliness appears in powerlessness of the subject to control their own bodies, so they often got annoyed. Social loneliness shown in alienation, inferior, shame, jealousy. Emotional loneliness appears in neglected feeling and lack of attention from significant others. Existential loneliness arises when subjects feels the distance transcendentally. Loneniness affects an individual’s inner-growth. Some factors that affecting the inner-growth consists of emotional and spiritual maturity, hopes, social supports, and also value and cultural norms. Individuals who able to arrive in inner growth point will have new self esteem and self concept. The authentic self makes them more calm, patient, and feel closer to God.
Kata Kunci : Afasia, kesepian, transformasi diri, dukungan sosial, eksistensial, spiritual, Aphasia, loneliness, self transformation, social support, exisential, spiritual
