Potensi Ekstrak Etanolik Kulit dan Daging Buah Melon (Cucumis melo L.) "Gama Melon Parfum" Sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes aegypti L.

HANDRIANI K, Soenarwan Hery Poerwanto, S.Si., M.Kes

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

INTISARI Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah salah satu penyakit yang penularannya melalui gigitan nyamuk dari genus Aedes. Penyakit ini menjadi salah satu masalah utama di Indonesia. Upaya pengendalian vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti menggunakan larvasida kimia telah mengalami resistensi, sehingga dicari alternatif larvasida berbahan alami dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satunya dengan menggunakan kultivar Gama Melon Parfum. Gama Melon Parfum mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai larvasida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanolik kulit dan daging buah Gama Melon Parfum sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel larva Aedes aegypti instar III sebanyak 25 larva setiap gelas dengan 4 kali ulangan. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanolik kulit Gama Melon parfum yaitu 1250, 1563, 1954, 2443, 3054, dan 3818 ppm. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanolik daging buahnya yaitu 700, 980, 1372, 1921, 2690, dan 3767 ppm. Kontrol positif yang digunakan berupa Abate 10.000 ppm dan kontrol negatif berupa aquadest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kulit dan daging buah Gama Melon Parfum sama-sama memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid. Nilai LC50 dan LC90 pada ekstrak etanolik kulit Gama Melon Parfum yaitu 385 ppm dan 2035 ppm dengan umur efektif ekstrak selama 2 hari. Nilai LC50 dan LC90 pada ekstrak etanolik daging buahnya yaitu 2246 ppm dan 3638 ppm dengan umur efektif ekstrak selama 3 hari. Kulit dan daging buah Gama Melon Parfum sama-sama berpotensi sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti.

ABSTRACT Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. The disease is becoming one of the major problems in Indonesia. Prevention of disease transmission mediated by the Aedes aegypti mosquito can be prevented by using larvicides are made from natural and environmental friendly. One of which by using cultivars Gama Perfume Melon (Cucumis melo L.). Gama Perfume Melon had contained secondary metabolites that potency of larvacide. This research aim to determine the content of secondary metabolites and effectiveness of ethanolic extract of the fruit skin and flesh Gama Perfume Melon as larvicides of Aedes aegypti. This research used Thin Layer Chromatography and sample testing of larvicides using third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti as many as 25 larvae each cup with 4 replications. Gama Perfume Melon skin ethanolic extract concentration were 1250, 1563, 1954, 2443, 3054, and 3818 ppm. Concentration of ethanolic extract of flesh which were 700, 980, 1372, 1921, 2690, and 3767 ppm. Positive control was using 10,000 ppm Abate and negative control in the form of distilled water. The results showed both the skin and flesh of the fruit extract Gama Melon Perfume had the same content of secondary metabolites, that are flavonoid, saponin and terpenoid. LC50 and LC90 values in ethanolic extract skin Gama Perfume Melon are 385 and 2035 ppm by the age of effectively extract for 2 days. LC50 and LC90 values in the ethanolic extract of the fruit flesh are 2246 and 3638 ppm with an effectively extract for 3 days. The skin and flesh of the fruit Gama Perfume Melon had same potential as larvicides Aedes aegypti.

Kata Kunci : Gama Melon Parfum, Aedes aegypti, larvasida, demam berdarah