Patogenisitas Fusan Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki dan israelensis F28 dan F33 Biakan Air Kelapa terhadap Vektor Malaria Anopheles maculatus Theobald

TANTI RAHAYU, Dr. Siti Sumarmi

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Malaria merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk vektor Anopheles. Pengendalian vektor malaria secara kimia menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan serta munculnya vektor yang resisten. Salah satu pengendalian vektor yang ramah lingkungan yang telah dikembangkan yaitu pengendalian vektor menggunakan agensia hayati yaitu menggunakan bakteri entomopatogen Bacillus thuringiensis. Penelitian sebelumnya dengan mengembangkan strain fusan antara B.t. var israelensis dan B.t. var kurstaki menunjukkan adanya sifat ganda yaitu patogen terhadap serangga hama ulat kobis dan nyamuk Aedes aegypti serta Anopheles aconitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Patogenisitas Fusan B.t. F28 dan F33 biakan air kelapa terhadap larva Anopheles maculatus instar kedua dan instar ketiga. Sebanyak 4 konsentrasi uji diperlakukan terhadap larva instar kedua dan ketiga Anopheles maculatus, dengan jumlah larva per perlakuan yaitu 25 individu dalam 100 ml larutan uji. Digunakan kontrol standar dengan B.t.i. (H-14) dan kontrol menggunakan Fusan B.t. F28 dan F33 biakan BHIA serta kontrol negatif tanpa perlakuan. Pengamatan selama 3 x 24 jam tidak menunjukkan adanya kematian larva. Pengamatan dilanjutkan terhadap larva uji pada perlakuan konsentrasi fusan tertinggi untuk mengetahui waktu kematian larva uji (lethal time). Nilai LT50 dan LT90 yang ditentukan dengan analisis probit menunjukkan bahwa Nilai LT50 dan LT90 Fusan F28 pada larva instar kedua yaitu 7,530 dan 8,927 sedangkan pada instar ketiga 6,619 dan 7,971. Nilai LT50 dan LT90 Fusan F33 pada larva instar kedua yaitu 8.599 dan 9,938 sedangkan pada instar ketiga 6,602 dan 8,337. Perlakuan Fusan B.t. menyebabkan terjadinya efek subletal terutama pada fase pupa, bentuk pupa yang lurus tidak seperti koma serta tidak mampu melakukan emerging.

Malaria is an infectious disease which transmitted by Anopheles mosquito. Chemical control of malarian vectors raise concerns about the negative impact on the environment and health as well as the emergence of resistant vectors. One of the eco-friendly vector control have been developed which uses biological vector control agents, such as entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Previous research by developing fusan between B.t. strains var israelensis and B.t. var kurstaki showed the dual nature of the pathogenic effect to cabbage caterpillar insect pests and mosquito Anopheles aconitus. The aims of study was to determine pathogenicities of B.t. Fusan F28 and F33 coconut water culture against second and third instar of Anopheles maculatus larvae. The experiment was done by using CRD design 3 time replication 25 larvae per treatment. This research consist of 4 treatment consentrations,105, 108, 1011,1013, standart control using B.t.i. (H - 14), positif control B.t. Fusan F28 and F33 BHIA cultures and negatif control without treatment. The mortality of larvae was observed 24,48, and 72 hours after treatment. Observation of larval mortality at the highest concentration was continued to determine mortality time (Lethal time). The data was collected and analyzed by Probit analysis to determine LT50 and LT90. The result showed that Fusan F28 and F33 were pathogenic to the second and third instar larvae, though the third instar was more susceptible than the second instar. Fusan F28 was more pathogenic than Fusan F33 as the F28 can kill both the second and third faster than Fusan F33. The Lethal time value LT50 and LT90 Fusan F28 on second instar larvae were 7.530 and 8.927, while the third instar larva 6.619 and 7.971. LT50 and LT90 values of Fusan F33 on the second instar larvae were 8599 and 9.938 and the third instar were 6.602 and 8.337. Both Fusan F28 and F33 can develop sublethal effect especially on pupa stage. The pupa form is straight and unable to perform emerging.

Kata Kunci : Pathogenicity, Fusan B.t., Anopheles maculatus, Lethal time