TANGGAPAN ANATOMIS DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. var. laurentii (De Wild.) N.E.Br TERHADAP LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PERAK

EUNICE CLARISSA NUGRAHENI, Dr. Maryani, M.Sc.

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Industri perak yang semakin berkembang pesat khususnya di daerah Yogyakarta, menimbulkan dampak negatif yaitu pencemaran lingkungan. Kandungan logam berat yang terkandung dalam limbah industri perak dapat menurunkan kualitas tanah dan air di sekitar daerah industri. Salah satu usaha untuk mengembalikan keadaan tanah yaitu dengan fitoremediasi. Sansevieria merupakan tanaman yang mampu bertahan hidup pada rentang lingkungan yang luas dan sangat resisten terhadap polutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggapan anatomis dan pertumbuhan Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. var. laurentii (De Wild.) N.E.Br terhadap limbah cair industri perak. Pada penelitian ini digunakan lima variasi konsentrasi limbah yaitu 0% sebagai kontrol, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Tanaman yang digunakan berumur ±3 bulan. Karakter anatomis yang diamati meliputi anatomi akar, batang dan daun. Pada akar diamati tebal epidermis, korteks,xilem dan floem, diameter stele dan trakea. Pembuatan preparat akar dilakukan dengan metode freehand section pada akar utama 0,5 cm dari ujung akar. Pada batang diamati tebal epidermis, tebal hipodermis, diameter berkas pengangkut, diameter metaxilem, dan diameter berkas serat floem. Pada daun diamati tebal epidermis, tebal mesofil, diameter sel xilem, tebal floem, diameter serat, panjang serat dan tebal dinding serat. Pembuatan preparat batang dan daun dilakukan dengan preparat semi awetan. Pembuatan preparat serat daun dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Karakter fisiologis yang diamati yaitu pertambahan tinggi, kadar klorofil, berat kering tanaman, dan panjang akar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Variansi (ANAVA) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan diuji dengan Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT) taraf 5% yang selanjutnya disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, limbah cair industri perak meningkatkan tebal epidermis, tebal korteks, diameter stele, tebal jaringan xilem, dan diameter trakea pada akar, meningkatkan diameter berkas serat floem, diameter metaxilem, tebal hipodermis, dan diameter berkas pengangkut pada batang, meningkatkan diameter sel xilem, diameter berkas serat, panjang sel serat dan tebal dinding serat pada daun. Pemberian limbah menghambat pertambahan tinggi tanaman dan pertumbuhan akar, menurunkan kadar klorofil dan berat kering tanaman.

Silver industries grow rapidly, especially in the area of Yogyakarta, which will increase the volume of liquid waste into the environment and it can cause environment pollution. The content of heavy metals in the liquid waste of silver industry can degrade the soil and water quality around industrial areas. One attempt to restore the soil condition is by phytoremediation. Sansevieria is a plant that can survive in a wide range of environment and very resistant to pollutants. This study aimed to determine the anatomical and growth responses Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. var. laurentii (De Wild.) N.E.Br to the liquid waste of silver industry. In this study, waste consentration used were 0% as control, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Plants used were ± 3 months old. Anatomical characters observed included anatomy of roots, stems and leaves. Anatomical parameters on the root included thickness of epidermis, cortex, xylem and phloem, diameter of stele and trachea. Preparation of roots was done by freehand section method on the main root of 0,5 cm from the root tip. Anatomy observed on stem included thickness of epidermis and hypodermis, diameter of vascular bundle, metaxylem, and phloem fibers. Anatomical parameters observed on leaves included thickness of epidermis, mesophyll, and phloem tissue, diameter of xylem cell and fiber, fiber cell length and fiber wall thickness. Preparation of stems and leaves were done by semi-mounted preparation. Preparation of leaf fiber was done by maceration method. Physiological parameters measured, included increase in height, chlorophyll content, plant dry biomass weight, and root length. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the different between treatments were tested by Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significant level of 0,5%. The results showed that silver industrial wastewater increased epidermal, cortex, and xylem tissue thickness, diameter of stele and trachea on the root, increased diameter phloem fibers, metaxilem and vascular bundle, and hypodermis thickness on the stem, increased diameter of xylem cell and fiber, fiber cell length and fiber wall thickness on the leaves. Silver waste inhibited the plant height and root growth, reduced chlorophyll content and plant dry biomass weight.

Kata Kunci : Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. var. laurentii (De Wild.) N.E.Br, liquid waste of silver industry, anatomical responses, physiological responses