Keanekaragaman Lumut pada Batu Putih di Candi Ratu Boko, Yogyakarta

RISKA DESI ARYANI, Drs. Heri Sujadmiko, M. Si.

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman lumut pada batu putih belum pernah dipublikasi sebelumnya, sehingga lumut pada batu putih di candi Ratu Boko menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis, distribusi, dan jenis-jenis lumut yang mendominasi pada batu putih di candi Ratu Boko. Metode pengumpulan sampel lumut dilakukan dengan metode jelajah pada enam stasiun pengamatan di area candi Ratu Boko yaitu gerbang utama sisi utara, paseban batu putih, gerbang utama sisi selatan, paseban timur sisi utara, paseban timur sisi selatan, dan candi sebelah utara Keputren. Sampel lumut dikoleksi dengan teknik herbarium kering untuk diidentifikasi di laboratorium. Analisis vegetasi lumut dilakukan dengan metode kuadrat plot (15 x 15) cm2 yang didistribusikan secara acak pada keenam stasiun pengamatan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan juga pengukuran parameter lingkungan seperti : suhu udara, ketinggian tempat, kelembaban udara, dan intensitas cahaya. Variasi keanekaragaman jenis lumut dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener. Analisis distribusi dan penentuan jenis-jenis lumut yang mendominasi didasarkan atas nilai penting. Dari hasil identifikasi lumut yang diperoleh, terdapat 9 jenis lumut yaitu : Marchantia polymorpha L., Cyathodium spruceanum Kashyap, Cheilolejeunea intertexta Steph., Anthoceros laevis L., Fissidens asperisetus Lac., Barbula consanguinea (Thw. & Mitt.) Jaeg., Bryum coronatum Schwaegr., Bryum microerythrocarpum C.Mull. & Kindb., dan Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. Kesembilan jenis lumut tersebut dapat dikelompokkan dalam 3 kelas yaitu Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida, dan Bryopsida. Jenis-jenis lumut yang mempunyai distribusi luas dan merata pada batu putih di candi Ratu Boko adalah Bryum microerythrocarpum.

Information about the diversity of bryophyte at the limestone has never been published before, so the research on the bryophyte diversity at Ratu Boko temple will be interesting to be carried out. This research aims to know the species diversity, distribution, and reveal the dominate species on the limestone of Ratu Boko temple. The collecting method of bryophyte samples was performed by exploration method, that was by taking bryophyte samples from six stations of observation at Ratu Boko temple area including the north side of the main gate, limestone paseban, the south side of main gate, the north side of east paseban, south side of east paseban, and north Keputren temple. Bryophyte samples were collected with dried herbarium techniques, and then to be identified in the laboratory. The bryophyte vegetation analysis was done by the quadratic method (15 x 15) cm2 that was distributed randomly on the sixth observation station. In this research, the measurement of environmental parameters were including : air temperature, altitude, humidity, and light intensity. Variation of bryophyte species diversity was analyzed by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The distribution analysis and the determination of the bryophyte that dominate on the limestone of Ratu Boko were obtained based on importance values. Nine species of bryophyte that live on the limestone of Ratu Boko temple have been identified as Marchantia polymorpha L., Cyathodium spruceanum Kashyap, Cheilolejeunea intertexta Steph., Anthoceros laevis L., Fissidens asperisetus Lac., Barbula consanguinea (Thw. & Mitt.) Jaeg., Bryum coronatum Schwaegr., Bryum microerythrocarpum C.Mull. & Kindb., dan Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. This nine species of bryophyte can be classified into 3 classes as Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida, and Bryopsida. Bryophyte species which have been broadly distributed on the limestone of Ratu Boko temple was Bryum microerythrocarpum.

Kata Kunci : bryophyte, diversity, limestone, Ratu Boko temple