Hubungan Somatotype dan Performa Fisik pada Atlet Sepak Bola Tim Nasional (Timnas) U-19 dan Atlet Sepak Bola Mahasiswa

DIANA PRATIWI, Dr. rer. nat. dr. BJ. Istiti Kandarina/ Mirza Hapsari STP, S.Gz., RD, MPH.

2014 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Sepak bola merupakan salah satu olahraga terpopuler di dunia. Akan tetapi, kondisi prestasi olahraga di Indonesia masih sangat memprihatinkan, hingga saat ini Indonesia belum mampu menembus ke dalam jajaran negara peserta Piala Dunia. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah performa atlet yang kurang maksimal. Untuk itu, upaya peningkatan performa atlet di bidang sepak bola ini harus terus dilakukan dengan memperhatikan faktor penunjang performa atlet seperti somatotype dan daya tahan jantung paru (VO2 max). Tujuan: Mengetahui profil, hubungan, serta perbedaan somatotype dan performa fisik pada atlet sepak bola timnas U-19 dan atlet sepak bola mahasiswa UNY. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan rancangan observasional. Penelitian dilakukan di Lapangan Sepak Bola FIK UNY pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2014 dengan subjek 39 atlet sepak bola (25 atlet timnas U-19 dan 14 atlet mahasiswa UNY). Atlet diukur somatotypenya dan performa fisiknya dengan yo-yo intermittent test level 2 untuk mengetahui daya tahan jantung paru atlet atau VO2 max atlet. Hasil : Rerata somatotype atlet sepak bola timnas U-19 dan atlet sepak bola mahasiswa UNY adalah balanced mesomorph. Rerata somatotype pemain tengah, pemain belakang, dan penyerang pada timnas U-19 dan tim sepak bola mahasiswa adalah balanced mesomorph. Rerata somatotype kiper timnas U-19 adalah endomorphic mesomorph. Rerata hasil pengukuran performa fisik dengan penilaian VO2 max pada atlet sepak bola timnas U-19 adalah 57,66+2,80 ml/kgBB/menit. Rerata hasil pengukuran performa fisik dengan penilaian VO2 max pada atlet sepak bola mahasiswa UNY adalah 53,89+1,85 ml/kgBB/menit. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara somatotype dan performa fisik pada atlet sepak bola timnas U-19 maupun pada atlet sepak bola mahasiswa UNY. Tidak terdapat perbedaan somatotype yang bermakna pada atlet sepak bola timnas U-19 dan atlet sepak bola mahasiswa UNY. Terdapat perbedaan performa fisik yang bermakna pada atlet sepak bola timnas U-19 dan atlet sepak bola mahasiswa UNY (p<0,05). Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara somatotype dan performa fisik.

Background: Football is one of the most popular sports in the world. However, the condition of sporting achievement in Indonesia still very concerned, until now Indonesia has not been able to reach into the ranks of World Cup participating countries. One reason is that less than the maximum performance of athletes. To that end, efforts to increase the performance of athletes in soccer field this should be done with attention to factors such as the performance of athletes supporting somatotype and cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max). Objective: To determine the profiles, relations, as well as differences in somatotype and physical performance between the national team U-19 football athletes and UNY students football athletes. Methods: This study was a cross sectional-observational design. The study was conducted in Yogyakarta State University Football Field in May-August 2014. The subjects were 39 football athletes (25 athletes of football national team U-19 and 14 athletes of UNY students). Athletes measured the somatotype and their physical performance by yo-yo intermittent test the level 2 to determine cardiorespiratory endurance or athlete's VO2 max. Results: The mean somatotype of national team U-19 football athletes and UNY student athletes are balanced mesomorph. The mean somatotype midfielder, defender and striker of national team U-19 football athletes and UNY students football athletes are balanced mesomorph. The mean somatotype goalkeeper of football national team U-19 was endomorphic mesomorph. The mean physical performance measurement results of national team U-19 football athletes by VO2 max assessment was 57.66 + 2.80 ml / kg / min. The mean physical performance measurement results of UNY students football athletes by VO2 max assessment was 53.89 + 1.85 ml / kg / min . There were no relationships between somatotype and physical performance in national team U-19 football athletes as well as on UNY students football athletes. There were no significant differences in somatotype in national team U-19 football athletes and UNY students football athletes. There was a significant difference in physical performance in national team U-19 football athletes and UNY students football athletes (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between somatotype and physical performance.

Kata Kunci : atlet sepak bola, somatotype, performa fisik, daya tahan jantung paru (VO2 max)/football athletes, somatotype, physical performance, cardiorespirasy endurance (VO2 max)