PEMBUATAN KULIT SINTETIS DENGAN FILLER TIMBAL (II) KLORIDA (PbCl2) SEBAGAI MATERIAL APRON PROTEKSI RADIASI DI UNIT RADIOLOGI
FAIZ ASYIFAA MOHTAR, Widya Rosita, S.T.,M.T., Ihda Novia Indrajati, S.T.,M.T.
2014 | Skripsi | TEKNIK NUKLIRDalam keorganisasian sebuah rumah sakit, terdapat suatu Unit Radiologi yang menangani kegiatan radiodiagnostik, radioterapi, dan kedokteran nuklir.. Para pekerja rumah sakit yang bekerja dengan radiasi tentu beresiko menerima jumlah paparan radiasi yang lebih tinggi daripada pasiennya sendiri. Sesuai dengan prinsip ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), diperlukan apron proteksi radiasi yang berfungsi sebagai penyerap radiasi. Apron sekarang yang terbuat dari pelat timbal memiliki banyak kekurangan seperti berat, kaku dan mudah bengkok sehingga membuat penggunanya tidak nyaman. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian memanfaatkan material kulit sintetis dengan filler timbal, diharapkan mendapatkan bahan apron proteksi radiasi yang aman dan nyaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua macam variasi yaitu variasi kadar timbal (II) klorida (PbCl2) dengan variasi 60 pphr, 80 pphr, 100 pphr dan 120 pphr. Variasi yang kedua adalah kadar ADCM (Azodikarbonamide) dengan variasi 0 pphr, 3 pphr, 6 pphr dan 9 pphr. Metode pembuatan campuran sintetis terdiri dari 3 tahap yakni pencampuran bahan-bahan, pencetakan lembaran kulit sintetis dan pemanasan lembaran kulit sintetis dengan suhu 1400C selama 4 menit. Pengujian bahan meliputi uji koefisien atenuasi dengan sumber Cs-137 (Eγ = 662 keV), serta uji tarik dan kemuluran yang sesuai dengan standar SNI 1294-2009 tentang kulit imitasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, nilai koefisien atenuasi terbaik adalah bahan dengan kadar PbCl2 120 pphr dan ADCM 0 pphr, yakni sebesar 0,0825 mm-1 dengan ketebalan 0,83 mm sampel ini daya serapnya setara dengan pelat timbal murni 0,5 mm yang sesuai standar apron proteksi radiasi. Hasil uji fisik terhadap material berdasar standar SNI 1294-2009 mempunyai nilai kuat tarik lebih besar dari 500 N dan nilai kemuluran 15%, yang telah memenuhi standar minimum kuat tarik dan kemuluran.
In organization of a hospital, there is a radiology unit that handles radiodiagnostics activities, radiotheraphy, and nuclear medicine. The hospital workers who work with radiation are at risk of receiving the amount of radiation exposure which is higher than received the patients. In accordance with ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) by principle, radiation protection apron is needed as a radiation absorber. The current apron is made of lead plate and has many shortcomings such as heavy, rigid, and easily bent which makes the user feel uncomfortable. Therefore, the research was conducted to utilize synthetic leather material with lead filler, which is expected to get material of radiation protection apron that is safe and comfortable. This research used two kind of variations. The first variation was the content of Lead (II) Chloride (PbCl2) with variation of 60 pphr, 80 pphr, 100 pphr and 120 pphr. The second variation was the content of ACDM (Azodikarbonamide) with variation of 0 pphr, 3 pphr, 6 pphr, and 9 pphr. The method of making synthetic mixture consists of 3 phases which were mixing the materials, printing the sheets of synthetic leather, and heating the sheets of synthetic leather at 1400C for 4 minutes. The material testing included the test of attenuation coefficients with the source Cs-137 (Eγ = 662 keV), along with tensile and elongation test which was in accordance with the SNI 1294-2009 standard about imitation leather. Based on the test result, the best attenuation coefficient value was material with content of PbCl2 120 pphr and ADCM 0 pphr which amounted to 0.0825 mm-1 of linear attenuation coefficient and with a thickness of 0.83 mm. The absorbance of this sample was equivalent to 0.5 mm pure lead plates which was in accordance with the standard of radiation protection apron. The result of physical test in material which was in accordance with the SNI 1294-2009 standard had the bigger tensile strength value than 500 N and had elongation value of 15%, which has been fulfilled the minimum standard for tensile strength and elongation.
Kata Kunci : apron radiasi, PbCl2, ADCM, koefisien atenuasi, kulit sintetis
