Peran Lurah, Petugas Kesehatan dan Kader dalam Partisipasi Ibu Balita ke Posyandu di Wilayah Cakupan D/S Terendah dan Tertinggi di Kota Jambi

KANDA SIHOMBING, Dr. rer. nat. dr. BJ. Istiti Kandarina

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Posyandu merupakan bentuk Upaya Kesehatan Bersumber Daya Masyarakat (UKBM) yang dikelola dan diselenggarakan dari, oleh, untuk dan bersama masyarakat dalam pembangunan kesehatan, guna memberdayakan dan memberikan kemudahan kepada masyarakat untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Terselenggaranya posyandu melibatkan banyak pihak diantaranya kader posyandu, petugas kesehatan dan pemangku kepentingan antara lain Lurah. Puskesmas Rawasari merupakan puskesmas di Kota Jambi dengan tingkat cakupan D/S terendah yaitu 33,2%, sedangkan Puskesmas Olak Kemang dengan cakupan D/S tertinggi yaitu 81,98%. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengkaji secara mendalam peran lurah, petugas kesehatan dan kader dalam meningkatkan partisipasi ibu balita ke posyandu di Kota Jambi. Metode Penelitian: penelitian non eksperimen merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan 2 metode, wawancara mendalam terhadap 16 orang informan dan diskusi kelompok terfokus (DKT) terhadap 28 orang informan.Keabsahan data dengan melakukan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil: Lurah (D/S terendah) tidak berperan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi ibu balita ke posyandu dan lurah (D/S tertinggi) berperan melalui memberikan motivasi dan arahan langsung kepada masyarakat serta secara langsung turun ke lapangan maupun melalui perwakilannya di saat lurah berhalangan hadir. Petugas gizi (D/S terendah) tidak berperan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi ibu balita ke posyandu dan petugas gizi (D/S tertinggi) berperan menghadiri seluruh posyandu. Kader (D/S terendah) tidak berperan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi ibu balita ke posyandu dan kader (D/S tertinggi) berperan dengan mengadakan arisan dan pemberian balon-balon. Ibu PKK (D/S terendah) tidak berperan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi ibu balita ke posyandu dan Ibu PKK (D/S tertinggi) berperan dengan cara mengutus anggotanya untuk rutin hadir setiap bulan ke posyandu. Tokoh Masyarakat (D/S terendah) tidak berperan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi ibu balita ke posyandu dan tokoh masyarakat (D/S tertinggi) berperan dengan cara menyediakan tempat posyandu. Kesimpulan: Lurah, petugas gizi, kader, ibu PKK dan tokoh masyarakat (D/S terendah) tidak berperan dan lurah, petugas gizi, kader, ibu PKK dan tokoh masyarakat (D/S tertinggi) berperan, namun dengan adanya inovasi dan kreatifitas dari kader di Puskesmas Olak Kemang (D/S tertinggi) dapat mendorong ibu balita untuk hadir ke posyandu. Kata Kunci:

Background: Integrated health post is a form of UKBM (Community Resources Based-Health Effort) that is managed and administered from, by, for and together with community in health development. integrated health post administration involved many parties such as cadres, health staff and village head. Rawasari primary health care with the coverage level of D/S was the lowest that was 33.2% and Olak Kemang primary health care with highest D/S coverage that was 81.98%. Objectives: To study thoroughly the role of village head, health staff and cadres in increasing the participation of woman who have underfive to visit integrated health post. Methods: This was descriptive study used qualitative method by phonological approach. Informants were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was performed by 2 methods, in depth interview to 16 informants and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to 28 informants. Data validity was performed by source and method triangulation. Results: Village head with lowest D/S did not take a role in increasing a participation of the woman who had underfive to visit integrated health post and village head with highest D/S toke a role through gave a motivation and direction to the community and directly involved in the field or by his representative. Nutrition staff (lowest D/S) did not take a role and nutrition staff (highest D/S) toke a role by attending integrated health post. Cadre of lowest D/S did not toke a role and cadre of highest D/S toke a role by arrange arisan and balloon provision. Woman of PKK (lowest D/S) did not toke a role and woman of PKK (highest D/S) toke a role by delegating their member to monthly attend integrated health post. The community leader of lowest D/S did not toke a role and community figure of highest D/S toke a role, but by an innovation and creativity of the cadre in Olak Kemang primary health care (highest D/S) able to encourage the woman who had underfive to attend integrated health post. Conclusion: Village head, nutrition staffs, health cadres, PKK woman and community figures (lowest D/S) did not toke a role and village head, nutrition staffs, health cadres, PKK women and community figures (highest D/S) toke their role, but by the innovation and creativity of health cadres in Olak Kemang PHC (highest D/S) able to encourage the women who had underfive to attend to integrated health post.

Kata Kunci : lurah, petugas kesehatan, kader, Ibu PKK, Tokoh masyarakat, ibu balita.