Studi Ketidakaktifan Kader Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paramasan Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

MUHAMMAD ALI AKBAR, Dr. rer. nat. dr. BJ. Istiti Kandarina

2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Posyandu merupakan wadah pelayanan kesehatan dari, oleh dan untuk masyarakat dengan dukungan petugas kesehatan. Kader merupakan motor penggerak posyandu, hidup matinya posyandu tergantung dari aktif tidaknya kader. Tidak aktifnya kader menyebabkan ketidaklancaran pelaksanaan posyandu serta tidak terdeteksinya status gizi bayi dan balita sejak dini. Puskesmas Paramasan merupakan salah satu wilayah di Kabupaten Banjar dengan tingkat ketidakaktifan kader tertinggi yaitu sebesar 54,5%. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengkaji secara mendalam pengetahuan kader, kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana posyandu, dukungan kepala desa dan petugas kesehatan, insentif dan penghargaan kader serta partisipasi masyarakat ke posyandu sebagai latar belakang ketidakaktifan kader posyandu. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif menggunakan rancangan studi kasus. Dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Paramasan Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan pada bulan April s/d Mei 2014. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling, berlanjut hingga saturasi data. Pengumpulan data dengan 3 metode, wawancara mendalam terhadap 23 orang informan, Diskusi Kelompok Terfokus (DKT) terhadap 30 orang informan dan observasi lapangan. Analisis data menggunakan metode constant comparative method. Hasil: Pengetahuan kader masih sangat kurang, umumnya kader tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan serta tidak bisa baca tulis. Sarana dan prasarana di posyandu sangat kurang. Minimnya dukungan kepala desa terhadap kader dan posyandu. Tidak rutin dan tetapnya jumlah insentif dan penghargaan yang diterima kader. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat ke posyandu masih tergantung pada keaktifan kader dalam mengingatkan tentang hari buka posyandu. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan kader memberikan kontribusi terhadap ketidakaktifan kader dalam bentuk rasa malas dan kurang percaya diri dalam menghadiri kegiatan di posyandu.

Background: Integrated Health Post is a health service from and to community supported by health workers. Cadres are the drive motor of Integrated Health Post, and activity-inactivity of Integrated Health Post really depends on the activiness of cadres. Inactivity of cadres can influence the continuity of Integrated Health Post and affect nutritional status early detection of infants and children underfive. Paramasan Primary Health Care is with the highest inactivity cadres level which is 54.5% the located in Banjar Regency. Objection: To examine in depth the knowledge of cadres, comprehensiveness of facilities and infrastructure at Integrated Health Post, head of village and health workers support, incentives and awards, and community participation as the background of Integrated Health Post cadres inactivity. Methods: The descriptive research with qualitative methods was using a case study design. Implemented in the Region of Paramasan Primary Health Cares at Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan in April until May 2014. Informants were selected by purposive sampling until get saturated the data. The data collection was done by using 3 methods: interview in depth to 23 informants, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to 30 informants, and field observation. Data analysis used in this study was constant comparative method. Result: Knowledge of cadres was very low. The cadres never joined any training generally. They are also illiterate. The facilities and infrastructure in Integrated Health Post were very limited. Head of village support on cadres and Integrated Health Post were also low. Unscheduled and unstable of incentive numbers and awards received by cadres was also a problem. The level of community participation really depended on activeness of cadres to remind them of Integrated Health Post schedule. Conclusion: The knowledge of cadres contibuted to the cadres inactivity, such as a laziness and lack of confidence in attending the activities of the Integrated Health Post.

Kata Kunci : kader, posyandu, ketidakaktifan