PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN TERHADAP KEKEBALAN NONSPESIFIK LELE DUMBO (Clarias sp.)

NAILUL FAUZIAH, Dr. Ir. Triyanto, M. Si.;Dr. Ir. Alim Isnansetyo, M. Sc.

2014 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karboksimetil kitosan berupa N,O-karboksimetil kitosan (N,O-KMK) dan O-karboksimetil kitosan (O-KMK) terhadap respon imun nonspesifik ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.). Karboksimetil kitosan didapat dari proses karboksimetilasi dengan asam monokloroasetat dan diidentifikasi dengan uji FTIR. Uji kekebalan nonspesifik ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini meliputi: pemberian pakan kontrol (P1), pemberian pakan yang dicampur kitosan deasetilasi 1% (P2), N,O-KMK 1% (P3), dan O-KMK 1% (P4). Pemberian pakan dilakukan dua kali sehari dengan dosis 3% dari berat ikan. Pengamatan hematologi dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 4, 8, dan 12 dengan mengambil darah ikan uji sebanyak 1 mL dari vena caudalis. Parameter yang diamati antara lain: nilai NBT (Nitroblue Tetrazolium), aktivitas fagositosis (AF), indeks fagositosis (IF), diferensiasi leukosit, hematokrit, dan leukokrit. Pemberian pakan yang dicampur 1% N,O-KMK dapat meningkatkan leukokrit, hematokrit, dan persentase limfosit, serta menurunkan eosinofil dan trombosit (P<0,05). Parameter hematokrit juga meningkat pada perlakuan 1% O-KMK (P<0,05). Akan tetapi pemberian N,O-KMK dan O-KMK secara oral tidak dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis (P>0,05) pada lele dumbo.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMC) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC)) on the innate immunity of catfish (Clarias sp.). CMCs were synthesized by carboxymethylation of chitosan with monocloroacetic acid, and characterized by FTIR. This research was conducted on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) composed by 4 treatments in triplicates. Catfish were fed with control diet (P1), 1% chitosan deacetylated (P2), 1% N,O-CMC (P3), and 1% O-CMC (P4). Catfish were fed twice a day with feeding rate 3% of total biomass. The innate immunity parameters evaluated were Nitroblue Tetrazolium test (NBT), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), leucocyte differentiation, haematocryt and leucocryt. Bleeding and evaluation of the innate immunity parameters were done before feeding treatment and 4th, 8th, and 12th after the treatment. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Dunnet�s test. Results showed that diet containing 1% N,O-CMC significantly increased (P<0,05) leucocryt, haematocryt, lymphocyte percentage, and also decreased eosinofil percentage, and trombocyte percentage. Hematocryte was also significantly increased (P<0,05) in fish fed with 1% O-CMC. But, supplementation of 1% N,O-CMC and 1% O-CMC in diet can not enhance phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of catfish (Clarias sp.) (P>0,05).

Kata Kunci : lele dumbo, imun nonspesifik, hematologi, N,O-karboksimetil kitosan, O-karboksimetil kitosan