PENGARUH KEJUTAN LISTRIK TEGANGAN TINGGI PADA BIJI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN KEDELAI [Glycine max (L.) Merr var. Garut]

BENNI CAHYADI, Drs. Sudjino, M.S.

2014 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Perubahan iklim yang terjadi sekarang menyebabkan hasil pertanian kedelai tidak stabil. Untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan lahan tanam (extention), cara tanam maupun perbaikan atau pemuliaan tanaman (intention). Kejutan listrik tegangan tinggi merupakan salah satu cara untuk melakukan pemuliaan tanaman kedelai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fase vegetatif tanaman kedelai [Glycine max (L.) Merril var. Garut] setelah biji diberi perlakuan kejutan listrik tegangan tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merendam biji kedelai kemudian diberikan perlakuan kejutan listrik tegangan tinggi (25 kV/cm) 1, 5, 10, 15 dan 20 kejutan. Biji ditanaman di lahan dan dilakukan pengambilan sampel setiap minggu selama fase vegetatif. Setiap sampel dilakukan pengukuran tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering, kadar air, waktu berbunga, kadar klorofil, diameter stele, tebal jaringan xilem dan tebal jaringan floem. Hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA dengan rancangan percobaan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dan jika beda signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan�s Multiple Range Test) untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kejutan listrik tegangan tinggi sebanyak 1, 5, 10 dan 15 kejutan memperlambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fase vegetatif pada tanaman kedelai. Perlakuan 20 kejutan mempercepat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fase vegetatif tanaman kedelai.

Climate change causes unstable product of soybean crops. To increase soybean production can be executed by increasing area of planting (extension), planting method and plant breeding (intention). High voltage electric shock is one way to make breeding soybean plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the vegetative phase of growth and development of soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merrill var. Garut] after seeds were treated with high-voltage electrical shock of 25 kV/cm. Seeds were soaked and then given a high-voltage electric shock treatments 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 times. Seeds were planted in open area and samples were taken every week during the vegetative phase. For each treatment plant height, number of leaves, dry weight, water content, time of flowering, chlorophyll content, stele diameter, xylem tissues thickness and phloem tissue thickness were determined. Data were tested statiscally using ANAVA with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and if there is a significant differences then followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that high voltage electric shock treatment as much as 1, 5, 10 and 15 times decreased the vegetative growth and development of soybean. However, 20 shock treatments increased the growth and development of soybean vegetative phase.

Kata Kunci : kejutan listrik tegangan tinggi, pertumbuhan, perkembangan, kedelai/high voltage electric shock, growth, development,soybean