Komposisi Udang Hasil Tangkapan di Estuari Opak, Kabupaten Bantul

BERTYANDHA AYUWASKITHA, Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M. Si; Suadi, Ph.D

2014 | Skripsi | MANAJ. SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN

Estuari Opak merupakan salah satu perairan yang dihuni beberapa jenis ikan dan udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan komposisi spesies udang hasil tangkapan, distribusi frekuensi panjang total dan berat, serta hubungan panjang karapaks-berat udang hasil tangkapan di Estuari Opak, Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Oktober 2013-Maret 2014. Sampel udang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan menggunakan bubu dan jala. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan jala untuk lokasi perairan yang terbuka, sedangkan di sekitar vegetasi mangrove, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan bubu. Setiap sampel udang diukur panjang total, panjang karapaks, berat dan ditentukan jenis kelaminnya. Analisis data meliputi komposisi udang, distribusi frekuensi panjang total dan berat, serta hubungan panjang karapaks-berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 5 jenis udang yang berada di Estuari Opak yaitu Metapenaeus ensis (59,86%), Penaeus monodon (3,25%), Palaemon concinnus (32,25%), Macrobrachium equidens (3,94%), dan Macrobrachium lar (0,7%). Panjang total M. ensis jantan didominasi ukuran 7,8- 8,8 cm sedangkan betina adalah 8,9-9,9 cm, sedangkan berat M. ensis jantan maupun betina didominasi ukuran yang relatif sama (1,89-3,45 g). Sebagian besar P. concinnus jantan dan betina berukuran 5,2-5,7 cm, dengan berat 0,76-1,07 g. Hubungan panjang karapaks-berat berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada M. ensis dan P. concinnus menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif (b < 3). Sebagian besar udang yang tertangkap di Estuari Opak masih dalam masa pertumbuhan, namun demikian beberapa diantaranya telah siap untuk memijah. Diperlukan suatu usaha pengelolaan untuk menjaga kelestarian udang agar terus berkembang antara lain melalui pembatasan besarnya ukuran mata jaring dan pengaturan waktu penangkapan.

Opak Estuary is one of the water inhabited by some species of fishes and shrimps. The purpose of this research were to determine the type and species composition of shrimp caught, knew the frequency distribution of total length and weight, the carapace length-weight relationship of shrimp caught in Opak Estuary, Bantul. The research was conducted in October 2013-March 2014. The samples were collected from fishermen�s caught by fish traps and nets. Samples were caught with nets in the open water locations, while around the mangrove vegetation, samples were caught with the traps. Total length, carapace length, weight and sex of each sample of shrimp were determined. Data analysis included shrimp composition, frequency distribution of total length and weight, and carapace length-weight relationship. The results showed that there were 5 species of shrimps inhabit in Opak Estuary. Most of them are Metapenaeus ensis (59,86%), followed by Palaemon concinnus (32,25%), Macrobrachium equidens (3,94% ), Penaeus monodon (3,25%) and Macrobrachium lar (0,7%). The total length of M. ensis male were dominated of 7,8 to 8,8 cm, and females between 8,9 to 9,9 cm. The weight of male and female M. ensis were dominated by relative same size (1 ,89 to 3,45 g ). Most of the male and female P. concinnus measuring 5,2 to 5,7 cm, with the weight 0,76 to 1,07 g. Carapace lengthweight relationship by sex in M. ensis and P. concinnus showed a pattern of negative allometric growth (b <3). Most of shrimps that were caught in Opak Estuary are still in growth stage, however some of them are ready to spawn. Regulation by limiting the size of mesh and catching season are necessary in order to ensure shrimps resources sustainability.

Kata Kunci : komposisi, udang, Estuari Opak, karapaks.