Analisis Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan di Kalimantan Tengah

M.TEGUH CIPTADI, Budiono Sri Handoko, M.A., Ph.D.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ek.Pembangunan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Data yang digunakan adalah data SUSENAS (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) kor (inti) individu tahun 2004 dan 2012 yang diperoleh dari BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Republik Indonesia. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Tingkat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Indeks Gini dan Generilized Enhtropy menggunakan ADePT (Automated Development Economic and Poverty Tables, Tipologi Klassen serta GIS (Geographic Information System). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah semakin meningkat. Sektor Pertanian, Perkebunan dan Kehutanan masih dominan dibandingkan sektor lainnya. Selain itu terjadi peningkatan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Kesenjangan antarkota-desa meningkat, demikian juga antar-kepala rumah tangga berdasarkan pendidikan. Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan tertinggi terjadi di Kota Palangka Raya. Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan terendah terjadi di Kabupaten Seruyan. Tipologi Klassen menunjukkan dari 14 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah bahwa pada tahun 2004, 3 kabupaten/kota yang masuk kuadran I (pertumbuhan tinggi, Gini tinggi), 3 kabupaten masuk kuadran II (pertumbuhan rendah, Gini tinggi), 5 masuk kuadran III (pertumbuhan rendah, Gini rendah), dan 3 masuk kuadran IV (pertumbuhan tinggi, Gini rendah). Pada tahun 2012, 3 kabupaten/kota masuk kuadran I (pertumbuhan tinggi, Gini tinggi), 4 kabupaten masuk kuadran II (pertumbuhan rendah, Gini tinggi), 4 masuk kuadaran III (pertumbuhan rendah, Gini rendah), dan 3 masuk kuadran IV (pertumbuhan tinggi, Gini rendah).

This study aims to analyze economic growth and unequal distribution of income in Kalimantan Tengah Province. The data used in this study are SUSENAS (National Socioeconomic Survey) core of individuals in 2004 and 2012 that were obtained from Central Statistics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. The analytical tool used are Economic Growth Rate Analysis, Gini Index and Generilized Enhtropy using ADePT (Automated Development Economic and Poverty Tables), Klassen Typology and GIS (Geographic Information System). The results show that economic growth in Kalimantan Tengah Province is increasing. Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry is still dominant compared to other sectors. In addition, there is an increase of income inequality distribution in Kalimantan Tengah Province. There is an increase in urban-village gap and also in education of inter-household head. The highest unequal distribution of income is in Palangkaraya City. The lowest unequal distribution of income occurs in Seruyan District. Klassen Typology shows that from 14 districts/cities in Kalimantan Tengah Province in 2004, there are three districts /cities that belong to quadrant I (high growth, high Gini), three districts belong to quadrant II (low growth, high Gini), five districts belong to quadrant III (low growth, low Gini), and three districts belong to quadrant IV (high growth, low Gini). In 2012, three districts/cities belong to quadrant I (high growth, high Gini), four districts belong to quadrant II (low growth, high Gini), four districts belong to quadrant III (low growth, low Gini), and three districts belong to quadrant IV (high growth, low Gini).

Kata Kunci : Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, Koefisien Gini, ADePT, Klassen, GIS