AKTIVITAS REPELAN INSENCE COMBUSTIBLE MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry) TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

DIESCENDY SELLYANNA SOENARYO, Dra. Sri Mulyani, SU., Apt.; Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, Apt., MS.

2014 | Skripsi | FARMASI

INTISARI Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor utama penular penyakit berbahaya Demam Berdarah Dengue. Perlindungan terhadap gigitan nyamuk dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan repelan. Banyak tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri di Indonesia yang berfungsi sebagai repelan, misalnya cengkeh. Daun cengkeh gugur selama ini kurang dimanfaatkan. Pada penelitian ini, minyak atsiri daun cengkeh gugurdibuat menjadi sediaan yang berfungsi sebagai repelan terhadap nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Isolasi minyak atsiri dilakukan dengan penyulingan uap dan air. Minyak dikarakterisasi sifat fisika dan kimianya. Sediaan dibuat dari bahan aktif minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dengan 5 variasi kadar dalam bentuk insence combustible (dupa), lalu diujikan pada 30 ekor nyamuk yang dimasukkan ke dalam sangkar uji berisi mencit. Kontrol negatif (dupa kadar 0%) dan kontrol positif digunakan sebagai pembanding. Jumlah nyamuk di kotak A (berisi sediaan dan mencit) dan B (mencit) akan dihitung dalam waktu 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Selanjutnya dihitung persentase aktivitas repelannya. Analisis data menggunakananova non parametric dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insence combustible minyak atsiri daun cengkeh mempunyai aktivitas sebagai repelan terhadap nyamuk Ae. aegypti, dengan kadar efektif mulai dari 2, 4, 8 dan 16%. Kadar 2% merupakan kadar yang efisien dengan mean aktivitas repelan sebesar 90,16�±5,39%. Kata kunci : insence combustible, minyak atsiri daun cengkeh, repelan, Ae. aegypti

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti mosquito is main vector of contagious harmful disease Dengue fever. Protection from mosquito bites can be done using repellent. Many essential oil producing plants used as repellent, such as clove. Nowadays, fallen clove leaves are rarely used. In this research, essential oil from fallen clove leaves are made into repellent product against Ae. aegypti mosquito. Essential oil isolation was carried by steam and water distillation. The oil was characterized its physical and chemical properties. Product was made from active substance which was clove leaves essential oil within 5 concentration variations in form of combustible incense (dupa), then tested to 30 mosquitos in a test cage filled by mouse. Negative control (dupa 0% concentration) and positive control were used as standard. Number of mosquitos in box A (filled by product and mouse) and B (mouse) would be counted in 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Hence, the active percentage of repellent was counted. Data analysis was carried using non-parametric ANOVA with confidence level of 95%. The research result shown that combustible incense of clove leaves essential oil has activity as Ae. aegypti mosquito repellent in effective concentration starting from 2, 4, 8, and 16%. Concentration of 2% is the most efficient concentration with repellent activity mean 90,16�±5,39%. Keywords: combustible incense, clove leaves essential oil, repellent, Ae. aegypti.

Kata Kunci : insence combustible, minyak atsiri daun cengkeh, repelan, Ae. aegypti