Ekstraksi Gelatin dari Tulang Sapi dan Aplikasinya sebagai Cetakan Silika Mesopori

LISNA PUTRI SETIAWAN, Prof. Dra. Wega Trisunaryanti, M. S., M. Eng., Ph.D. ; Prof. Dr. Triyonoo, SU

2014 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Telah dilakukan ekstraksi gelatin dari tulang sapi serta aplikasinya sebagai cetakan silika mesopori. Tulang sapi direndam dalam asam asetat selama 9 hari, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan NaOH 0,1 M selama 24 jam dan dengan HCl 1 M selama 1 jam. Tulang sapi direfluks dalam akuabides selama 5 jam pada temperatur 70, 80, 90 dan 100 derajat C. Larutan gelatin disaring, dan dikeringkan pada temperatur 50 derajat C. Metode diulang untuk menentuan waktu maksimum ekstraksi dengan penggantian akuabides setiap 5 jam, hingga diperoleh massa gelatin yang konstan setelah tahap pengeringan. Gelatin dianalisis dengan FTIR dan SDS-PAGE. Sintesis silika mesopori dilakukan dengan menambahkan gelatin dan natrium silikat dalam air pada temperatur 40 derajat C. Larutan natrium silikat 0,98-1,10 wt% ditambahkan dengan asam sulfat 0,1 M sampai pH 4, lalu ditambahkan dengan larutan gelatin. Campuran diaduk selama 1 jam, dipindahkan ke dalam autoclave dan dipanaskan selama 24 jam. Padatan yang diperoleh dicuci, dikeringkan dalam oven temperatur 80 derajat C dan dikalsinasi pada temperatur 550 derajat C. Material dianalisis dengan FTIR, XRD, GSA and TEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen maksimum gelatin diperoleh pada waktu 40 jam (100 derajat C). Gelatin yang diekstraksi pada temperatur 80, 90 dan 100 derajat C mengandung rantai alfa dan beta, sedangkan pada temperatur 70 derajat C hanya mengandung rantai alfa. Silika mesopori yang disintesis memiliki diameter pori 6,08 nm; luas permukaan spesifik 384,21 m2/g dan volume pori 0,75 cm3/g. Silika mesopori yang disintesis memiliki struktur wormhole-like (seperti lubang cacing).

Extraction of gelatin from bovine bone and its application as mesoporous silica template have been studied. Bovine bone was pretreated with acetic acid 4% for 9 days, sodium hydroxide 0.1 M for 24 h and hydrochloric acid 1 M for 1 h. Pretreated bovine bone was then refluxed in demineralized water for 5 h at 70, 80, 90 and 100 degree C. The solution was filtered and dried at 50 degree C. The method was repeated to determine maximum time of extraction at 70 and 100 degree C. The demineralized water was changed every 5 h until the gelatin mass was constant after drying process. The gelatin was analyzed by FTIR and SDS-PAGE. The synthesis of mesoporous silica was done by dissolving gelatin and sodium silicate in demineralized water at 40 degree C. Sulfuric acid 0.1 M was added to sodium silicate solution 0.98-1.10 wt% to get acidified silicate stock at pH 4. Gelatin solution was then added to the acidified silicate stock and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. The formed gel solution was transferred into autoclave and hydrothermally treated at 100 degree C for 24 h. Finally, the product was filtered, washed with aquadest, dried at 80 degree C and calcined at 550 degree C for 5 h. The material was then analyzed by FTIR, XRD, GSA and TEM. The result showed that maximum gelatin yield was reached at 40 h (100 degree C). Extracted gelatin at 80, 90, and 100 degree C contained alpha and beta-chains, extracted gelatin at 70 degree C only contained alpha-chains. Mesoporous silica prepared using bovine gelatin as template had pore diameter, spesific surface area and pore volume of 6.08 nm, 384.21 m2/g and 0.75 cm3/g, respectively. The mesoporous silica had wormhole-like structure.

Kata Kunci : Gelatin, tulang sapi, silika mesopori, struktur wormhole-like