Perkembangan Komik Strip di Media Cetak Indonesia, 1930an-1970an

RAVENIAWISANTI A, Prof. Dr. Bambang Purwanto

2014 | Skripsi | ILMU SEJARAH

ABSTRAK Skripsi yang berjudul Perkembangan Komik Strip di Media Cetak Indonesia, 1930an-1970an ini membahas tentang perkembangan komik strip Indonesia diantara dominasi komik strip asing, kreativitas visual, pengaruh rezim kolonial ke postkolonial dan modernisasi, serta membahas tentang bagaimana perempuan direpresentasikan di dalam komik strip dalam tahun 1930an hingga 1970an. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengamatan komik strip, unsur-unsur internal dalam komik strip (genre, panel, sudut pandang, gaya ilustrasi) yang merepresentasikan kreativitas visual komik strip tahun 1930an-1970an, serta figur perempuan. Sumber yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi sumber primer dan sekunder, berupa surat kabar dan majalah yang terbit antara tahun 1930an hingga 1970an yang dikumpulkan sendiri oleh penulis, serta referensi pustaka berupa buku-buku yang relevan. Berdasarkan pengamatan dan analisa dari data-data yang dikumpulkan, terdapat penemuan-penemuan diantaranya: pertama, terbitan komik strip lokal meningkat, kreativitas visual pun berkembang; terjadi perubahan gaya ilustrasi, serta mulai adanya teknik cetak warna pada komik strip di tahun 1970an. Kedua, adanya representasi simbol-simbol dalam komik strip akibat pengaruh rezim kolonial-postkolonial dan modernisasi. Ketiga, adanya representasi citra perempuan Jawa dan perempuan modern di dalam komik strip. Berdasarkan temuan-temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan terhadap jumlah terbitan komik strip dan menunjukkan genre cerita yang beragam. Kreativitas visual berangsur-angsur berkembang dan semakin mantap, ini ditandai adanya ciri-ciri baru salah satunya adalah perubahan gaya ilustrasi dari semi realis ke realis. Pengaruh rezim kolonial-postkolonial mempengaruhi munculnya simbol-simbol kolonial dan postkolonial seperti penggunaan bahasa Belanda sebagai representasi atas bahasa petjoek, ideologi nasionalisme dan revolusi. Kemodernan tampil, terefleksikan melalui gaya hidup dan tata busana (mode), serta membawa pengaruh terhadap presentasi perempuan di dalam komik strip yang refleksinya berupa kesempatan dalam hal bekerja dan mengenyam pendidikan yang sama dengan laki-laki.

ABSTRACT This paper entitled The Development of Comic Strip in Indonesian Printed Media 1930s to 1970s discusses the development of Indonesian comic strips among foreign comic strips domination, visual creativity, and the influences of colonial-postcolonial regime and modernization, as well as discusses on how women are presented in comic strips in Indonesian printed media 1930s-1970ss. This research is focused on an observation at comic strips, several elements in comic strips (theme, panels, viewpoints, illustration style) that are represent visual creativity in comic strips 1930s-1970s, also an observation that implicate female figures. The sources of this research are include primary and secondary, such as newspapers and magazines published in Indonesia between 1930s to 1970s collected by writer herself, as well as references in the form of books that are relevant. Based on observation and analysis of the data that were collected, there are discoveries include: first, the publication of comic strips increased, as well as visual creativity; there are several changes including illustration style, and color printing technique on comic strips 1970s. Second, there are representation of symbols in the comic strips as a result of the influences of the colonial-postcolonial regime and modernization. Third, the appearance of representation of Javanese and modern women in comic strips. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the published number of comic strips were increased, and shows a diverse genre story. Visual creativity of comic strips gradually develop and more steady, it characterized by new features, one of which is a changes of illustration from semi-realistic to realistic. The influences of colonial-postcolonial regime affect the emergence of colonial and postcolonial symbols such as the use of Dutch language as a representation of petjoek language, and the ideology of nationalism and revolution. Modernity appears, reflected through life style and fashion, as well as an impact on women presentation in comic strips that reflected through their roles, such as working and education opportunities as equal as mens.

Kata Kunci : Komik Strip, Media Cetak, Perempuan / Comic Strips, Printed Media, Women