Kebijakan Liberalisasi Sektor Finansial di Jepang Studi Ekonomi Politik : Akuisisi Long-Term Credit Bank Jepang oleh Ripplewood Holdings Amerika Serikat

LUTFAN RAMADHAN, Dra. Siti Daulah Khoiriati, MA.

2014 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Resesi ekonomi yang terjadi di Jepang tahun 1988, memengaruhi kondisi finansial di Jepang. Banyak institusi finansial di Jepang mulai bangkrut, hal ini mengakibatkan tekanan dari publik untuk melakukan reformasi terhadap sistem finansial di Jepang yang memiliki sistem yang sangat tertutup dari pihak asing dan teregulasi ketat oleh pemerintah. Terlepas dari tekanan dari masyarakat untuk melakukan reformasi, reformasi baru terjadi pada tahun 1998. Perdana Menteri Obuchi sebagai pemimpin partai Liberal Democratic Party terpaksa melakukan negosiasi politik dengan partai lain untuk melakukan reformasi.

Since economic recession occured in 1988, Japan started the prolonged financial slump episode. Many financial institutions were collapsing and several major banks were bankrupt. This stretched situation made public demanded immediately financial reform. Public had believed the worsened financial situation was occured by a style of closed from foreign activity and highly regulated financial system. The Japanese government had maintaining their highly regulated financial system before Hashimoto revealed his financial reforms plan in 1996. As a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) politician, Hashimoto used the financial reforms plan to gained political profits and supporters vote who left their support from party after the financial disaster in Japan had occured. The plan became paramount issue in Japan political sphere because it didn’t consist any structural and comprehensive action to solve the problem. Hashimoto and his party credibility was sunk and they lost the House of Councillors general election in 1998. Under Obuchi adminstration, Japan finally had oppened their financial system from foreign involvement. As his accomplishment, In 1999, Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan (LTCB) finally became the first financial institution that was bought by foreigner, Ripplewood Holdings from United States. This research try to observe the political changes and intrigues within parliament and LDP about several financial reform issues, why the government maintained the system until 1996, and why the LTCB was sold to foreigner? Because of this reform and acquisition had made several political clash of interest between faction in LDP and public, so this research views the political aspect is the main interest why the Japan financial system was finally reformed.

Kata Kunci : Reform, liberalization, financial sector