PENGARUH ASAM OLEANOLAT HASIL FRAKSINASI AMPAS CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (KAJIAN IN VITRO)

ASTRODITA ADYA SETA, drg. Trianna Wahyu Utami, MDSc., Ph.D; drg. Sri Larnani, MDSc.

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Localized Aggressive Periodontitis adalah penyakit periodontal yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Infeksi Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans dapat ditanggulangi dengan pemberian antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang irasional mampu menyebabkan resistensi obat. Ampas cengkeh sisa distilasi minyak atsiri diduga mengandung asam oleanolat. Asam oleanolat merupakan senyawa aktif yang memiliki daya antibakteri. Penggunaan antibakteri dari bahan herbal mampu menjadi alternatif pengganti antibiotik sintetis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam oleanolat hasil fraksinasi ampas cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Suspensi bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans yang setara standar McFarland I dibiakkan dalam media MHA. Kirby-Bauer disk yang mengandung asam oleanolat 40%, 80%, PEG 400 sebagai kontrol negatif, dan ampisilin sebagai kontrol positif, diletakkan pada permukaan MHA yang telah ditanami bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Media MHA diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37ºC. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk diukur kemudian dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil uji one-way ANOVA dan Post-Hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari asam oleanolat 40%, 80%, PEG 400, dan ampisilin terhadap diameter zona hambat, dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah asam oleanolat hasil fraksinasi ampas cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) berpengaruh menghambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, dengan kriteria bahwa asam oleanolat 80% menunjukkan hasil yang sensitif, sedangkan asam oleanolat 40% menunjukkan hasil yang tidak sensitif.

Localized Aggressive Periodontitis is a periodontal disease caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection. Infection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can be treated by antibiotics administration. Irrational use of antibiotics can cause drug resistance. The clove residue of essential oils distillation is supposed to contain oleanolic acid. Oleanolic acid is an active compound which has antibacterial property. The use of herbal antibacterial medicine can be an alternative solution instead of synthetic antibiotics. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of oleanolic acid which is produced from fractionation of clove residue (Syzygium aromaticum) against the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans suspense which was equal to McFarland I standard was cultivated in MHA. Kirby-Bauer disks containing oleanolic acid 40%, 80%, PEG 400 as a negative control, and ampicillin as a positive control were placed on the surface of MHA which had been cultivated of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The MHA was incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. The diameter of inhibition zones were measured and analyzed statistically. The result of one-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc LSD showed that there were significant effects of oleanolic acid 40%, 80%, PEG 400, and ampicillin against diameter of inhibition zones, with the significance value was 0.000 (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that oleanolic acid which is produced from fractionation of clove residue (Syzygium aromaticum) affects inhibiting against the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by criteria that oleanolic acid 80% showed a result which was sensitive, while oleanolic acid 40% showed a result which was not sensitive.

Kata Kunci : Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum), asam oleanolat, antibakteri, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans