EFEK LARVISIDAL EKSTRAK ETER RIMPANG LEMPUYANG GAJAH (ZINGIBER ZERUMBET) TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI

IMAM MUKTIADI, dr. Tri Baskoro Tri Satoto, MSc, Phd

2014 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang. Aedes aegypti adalah vektor utama demam dengue di Asia Tenggara. Memutus siklus hidup vektor ini adalah strategi utama untuk mengurangi insidensi demam dengue. Perkembangbiakan nyamuk diputuskan dengan larvasida, terutama larvasida sintetis. Ini menyebabkan beberapa masalah terutama ketika larvasida sintetis digunakan tanpa terkontrol. Masalah yang timbul adalah resistensi vektor dan polusi lingkungan. Karena itu, penlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menemukan larvasida alternatif, misalnya dari rimpang lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet). Tujuan Penelitian. Mengetahui daya larvasida ekstrak eter rimpang lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Mengetahui nilai LC50 dan LC90 ekstrak eter rimpang lempuyang gajah terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Mengetahui peningkatan angka kematian larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti setelah dipajan dosis yang meningkat. Cara Penelitian. Penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental berdasar petunjuk WHO 2005. Larva instar III/IV dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan dan 1 kelompok kontrol. Tiap kelompok berisi 10 larva dengan 3 kali replikasi dalam 100 ml larutan. Mortalitas larva dihitung setelah pemajanan 24 jam dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis probit. Hasil. Nilai LC50 dan LC90 adalah 51.45925 ppm dan 158.8763 ppm. Persamaan garis regresi probit yang diperoleh adalah Y = -2.27 + 3.91X. Kesimpulan. Ekstrak eter rimpang lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet) memiliki daya larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Didapatkan nilai LC50 dan LC90 yaitu 51.45925 ppm dan 158.8763 ppm. Mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti meningkat seiring peningkatan dosis ekstrak eter rimpang lempuyang gajah. Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti, Zingiber zerumbet, larvasida alami, analisis probit

Background. Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever in South East Asia. Interrupting the life cycle of the vector is main strategy to reduce the incidence of filariasis. The breeding of the mosquito is cut down by larvicide, especially synthetic larvicide. This causes problems especially when synthetic larvicide is applied uncontrollably. The problems consist of vector resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to search for alternative larvicide, for instance Zingiber zerumbet as natural larvicide. Objectives. To explore larvicidal effect of Zingiber zerumbet roots with eter extract. To find out LC50 and LC90 of the extract against 3rd/4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. To find out the relation between variety of the extract dose and larvae mortality. Methods. This research is quasi experimental study using WHO 2005 guidance. 3rd/4th instar larvae divided into 6 treatment groups and 1 control group. Each group contains 10 larvae with 3 times replication in 100 ml solution. Larvae mortality was counted after 24 hours of exposure and the data was analyzed using probit analysis. Result. LC50 and LC90 values were 51.45925 ppm and 158.8763 ppm. The probit regression line obtained is Y = -2.27 + 3.91X. Conclusion. Eter extract of Zingiber zerumbet roots has larvacidal activity against 3rd/4th instar of Aedes aegypti larvae. LC50 and LC90 values were 51.45925 ppm and 158.8763 ppm. The increasing dose of the extract increases larvae mortality. Keyword: Aedes aegypti, Zingiber zerumbet, botanical larvicide, probit analysis

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, Zingiber zerumbet, larvasida alami, analisis probit, Aedes aegypti, Zingiber zerumbet, botanical larvicide, probit analysis