UJI AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA GRANUL MINYAK ATSIRI JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var rubrum) TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti

YUMROTUL KHASANAH, Dra. Sri Mulyani, S.U., Apt. ; Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, M.S., Apt.

2014 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Pengendalian nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah salah satu solusi mengatasi penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue karena belum ditemukannya vaksin dengue yang spesifik dan belum ada obat yang efektif. Minyak jahe merah memiliki aktivitas sebagai larvasida alami. Penelitian ini menggunakan granul minyak atsiri jahe sebagai larvasida Ae. aegypti. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui nilai LC50 dan LC90 granul minyak jahe merah terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Pembuatan granul dilakukan dengan mencampurkan minyak jahe, laktosa, dan CMC-Na. Sebanyak 20 ekor larva dimasukkan dalam 100 ml air yang mengandung granul minyak atsiri 80 ppm, 110 ppm, 150 ppm, 206 ppm, dan 280 ppm dibiarkan terpapar selama 24 jam. Jumlah kematian larva dihitung dan dianalisis secara aritmatis berdasar probit modifikasi Finney untuk mendapatkan nilai LC50 dan LC90. Komponen minyak atsiri jahe dalam granul diuji secara kuantitatif menggunakan KLT-Densitometri untuk mengetahui adanya perubahan kuantitas komponen utama selama proses pembuatan granul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa granul minyak atsiri jahe merah berpotensi sebagai larvasida alami terhadap Ae. aegypti dengan LC50 119,07 ppm dan LC90 231,79 ppm. Aktivitas tersebut masih lebih kecil dibanding granul Abate® (LC50 Abate® 0,0045 ppm dan LC90 0,0064 ppm). Komponen utama minyak atsiri jahe merah dianalisis densitometri menunjukkan hasil sebelum dan setelah penggranulan terjadi penurunan kadar relatif yang bermakna sebesar 23%. Kata Kunci : granul, minyak atsiri jahe merah, aktivitas larvasida, Ae. aegypti

Mosquito control of Aedes aegypti is one of the solutions to overcome dengue fever because there aren’t specific dengue vaccine and effective drugs of that. Red ginger oil has activity as a natural larvicides. This study used granules of red ginger essential oil as Ae. aegypti larvicides. The objective of this study was to determine LC50 and LC90 of red ginger essential oil granules against Ae. Aegypti larvae. Granules were made by mixing ginger oil, lactose, and CMC-Na. Twenty larvae were placed in 100 ml of water containing 80 ppm, 110 ppm, 150 ppm, 206 ppm, and 280 ppm of essential oil granules exposed for 24 hours. Total mortality of larvae was calculated and analyzed arithmetically based on the modification of Finney's probit to determine LC50 and LC90. The components of ginger essential oil in the granules was tested quantitatively by TLC-densitometry to determine quantity of the main component changes during granulation process. This study showed that the granules of red ginger essential oil has potential as a natural larvicides against Ae. aegypti with LC50 119.07 ppm and LC90 231.79 ppm. This activity is still smaller than Abate® granules (LC50 of Abate® 0.0045 ppm and LC90 0.0064 ppm). The main components of red ginger essential oil was analysed with densitometry and the relative concentration decreased significantly before and after granulation by 23%. Keywords: granules, red ginger essential oil, larvicide activities, Ae. aegypti

Kata Kunci : granul, minyak atsiri jahe merah, aktivitas larvasida, Ae. aegypti