The Impact of Forest Concessions on Deforestation in Indonesia

JANY TRI RAHARJO, Prof. Yonosuke Hara

2014 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ek.Pembangunan

Penelitian ini menguji dampak dari pemberian konsesi hutan terhadap laju deforestasi di Indonesia. Penyebab mendasar (the underlying causes) dari deforestasi yang terdiri dari faktor demografi, ekonomi, teknologi, dan kebijakan dan institusi di analisis menggunakan metode fixed effects pada panel data 21 propinsi untuk periode 2003-2006, 2006-2009 dan 2009-2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsesi hutan mempunyai dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap laju deforestasi di Indonesia menandakan bahwa propinsi yang terdapat ijin konsesi hutan cenderung mempunyai angka deforestasi yang lebih tinggi dibanding propinsi lain. Hasil penelitian juga mengindikasikan bahwa perkembangan suplai kayu dari hutan tanaman industri tidak dapat mengimbangi tingginya permintaan bahan baku kayu oleh industri pengolahan kayu. Beberapa implikasi kebijakan penting disarankan pada penelitian ini termasuk pengetatan pemberian ijin konsesi baru, kontrol penebangan kayu khususnya di hutan alam dengan penerapan sertifikasi kayu dan percepatan pembangunan hutan tanaman baik di hutan tanaman industri (HTI) maupun hutan tanaman rakyat (HTR).

This study examines the impact of forest concessions on deforestation in Indonesia. The underlying causes of deforestation that consist of demographic, economic, technological, and policy and institutional factors were analyzed using the fixed effects estimation on panel data of 21 provinces over the periods of 2003-2006, 2006-2009, and 2009-2011. The results show that forest concessions have a positive and significant impact on deforestation, suggesting that provinces with forest concessions tend to experience higher deforestation rates than others. The results also indicate that the development of timber supply from industrial forest concessions cannot equal the higher demand of raw timber materials for the wood-processing industry. Several important policies are suggested, including issuing new licenses, controlling timber cutting particularly from natural forests by practicing timber certification, and accelerating planted areas in both industrial and community forest concessions

Kata Kunci : Deforestation, Forest concessions, Underlying causes of deforestation, Fixed-effect estimation