Prarancangan Pabrik Nitrogliserin dari Gliserol dan Asam Nitrat Kapasitas 20.000 Ton/Tahun

TAUFIK SULAKSONO, Ir. Supranto, M.Sc., Ph.D

2014 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA

Pabrik Nitrogliserin dari gliserol dan asam nitrat ini dirancang untuk bekerja secara kontinyu selama 24 jam perhari selama 330 hari dalam setahun dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton/tahun. Reaksi berlangsung secara isothermal dalam reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk yang beroperasi pada tekanan 1 atm dan suhu 20 oC. Reaksi yang terjadi adalah reaksi eksothermis sehingga memerlukan pendinginan, dan digunakan brine CaCl2 sebagai pendingin yang mengalir di dalam jaket pendingin. Untuk memproduksi nitrogliserin sebanyak 20.000 ton pertahun dibutuhkan gliserol 99,7% sebanyak 8.440 ton pertahun, asam nitrat 70% sebanyak 17.361 ton pertahun, asam sulfat 98% sebanyak 3.952 ton pertahun, soda abu sebanyak 5.127 ton pertahun, dan etanol 96 % sebanyak 4.609 ton pertahun. Utilitas yang diperlukan adalah air sebanyak 389.798 m3 pertahun, bahan bakar sebanyak 783 m3 pertahun, brine CaCl2 sebanyak 45.680 m3 pertahun, listrik 732 kVA pertahun, dan udara tekan sebanyak 855.360 m3 pertahun. Pabrik ini direncanakan didirikan di Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, dengan luas tanah 50.000 m3 dan jumlah karyawan 178 karyawan. Dari hasil perhitungan evaluasi ekonomi, diperoleh Fixed Capital Invesment sebesar Rp 50.067.873.356,00, Working Capital (WC) sebesar WC = $8,051,743.48 + Rp26.033.884.476,00, Return of Invesment before Tax sebesar 47,03 %, Return of Invesment after Tax sebesar 23,52 %, Pay Out Time before Tax selama 1,75 tahun, Pay Out Time after Tax selama 2,98 tahun, Break Even Point sebesar 40,41 %, Shut Down Point sebesar 23,93 %, dan Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) sebesar 26,97 %. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan di atas, maka pabrik nitrogliserin dari gliserol dan asam nitrat dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton pertahun layak untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

Nitroglycerin plant from the glycerol and nitric acids is designed to work continuously for 24 hours per day during 330 days a year with a capacity of 20,000 tons per year. The reaction is in isothermal process on a continuous flow stirred reactor operating at 1 atm pressure and temperature of 200 oC. Since the reaction is exothermal which it requires refrigeration, and uses brine (CaCl2) 25 % as the cooler that flows in the refrigerant jacket. In order to produce 20,000 tons of nitroglycerin per year, glycerol 99,7 % of 8,440 tons per year, 70 % nitric acid as much as 17,361 tons per year, 98 % sulfuric acid as much as 3,952 tons per year, soda ash as much as 5,127 tons per year, and ethanol 96 % as much as 4,609 tons per year are required. Required utilities are water as much as 389,798 m3 per year, fuel as much 783 m3 per year, brine (CaCl2) as much as 45,680 m3 per year, 732 kVA of electricity per year, and compressed air for 855,360 m3 per year. The plant is planned to be located in Bontang, East Kalimantan, on an area of 35,000 m3 with 178 employees. From the calculation of economic evaluations, Fixed Capital Invesment of Rp50.067.873.356,00, Working Capital of U.S.$ 8,051,743.48 and Rp26.033.884.476,00, Return of Invesment before tax of 47.03 %, Return of Invesment after tax of 23.52 %, Pay Out Time before tax for 1.75 years, Pay Out Time after tax for 2,98 years, Break Even Point at 40.41 %, Shut Down point at 23,93 %, and Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return of 26.97 %. Based on above calculation, nitroglycerin plant from glycerol and nitric acids aith a capacity of 20,000 tons per year deserves further study.

Kata Kunci : Nitrogliserin, Bontang, Ekonomi/ Nitroglycerin, Bontang, Economic