Kajian Pengaruh Kaporit Sebagai Bahan Pencuci Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) Terhadap Kualitas Simplisia

FITRI ANA MUNAWAROH, Andayana Puspitasari G, S.Si., M. Si., Apt

2014 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Produksi simplisia temulawak sebagai bahan baku obat herbal di Indonesia cukup tinggi. Pengeringan rimpang temulawak biasanya menggunakan sinar matahari karena praktis dan tanpa biaya. Namun, pengeringan dengan sinar matahari menyebabkan bahan mudah terkontaminasi kotoran dan cemaran mikroba. Disinfektan kaporit banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat, apabila bertemu dengan air akan melepaskan klorin serta oksigen (membunuh mikroba). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui potensi kaporit sebagai bahan pencuci rimpang temulawak yang dapat menurunkan angka cemaran mikroba dan pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas simplisia temulawak. Temulawak dipanen pada bulan ke-5, dicuci dengan air mengalir dan direndam dengan kaporit 100 ppm dan 150 ppm selama ± 25 menit. Pengeringan dilaksanakan dengan sinar matahari selama 9 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran susut pengeringan, kadar minyak atsiri, kadar kurkuminoid. Hasil dianalisis dengan software SPSS 16,0 uji ANOVA satu jalan. Profil kromatogram minyak atsiri dan kurkuminoid dianalisis secara deskriptif dibandingkan dengan pustaka. Nilai Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK) dibandingkan antara kontrol dengan perlakuan. Hasil yang didapat menunjukan perendaman dengan kaporit tidak merubah organoleptis simplisia, kadar dan profil kromatogram kurkuminoid, tetapi mempengaruhi kualitas minyak atsiri. Kaporit 100 ppm dan 150 ppm tidak dapat menurunkan cemaran bakteri tetapi efektif menurunkan cemaran kapang khamir pada konsentrasi 150 ppm.

Production of Curcuma xanthorrhiza simplicia as raw materials of herbal medicine in Indonesia is quite high. Drying of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome is commonly using sunlight because its practicality and free cost. However, drying in the sun causes the material easily contaminated by dirt and microbes. Chlorine disinfectants is used by communities. When it meets water, it will release chlorine and oxygen that kills microbes. The aim of this research was to determine the potential of chlorine as a washing ingredient of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome which can reduce the number of microbial contamination and its effect on the quality of C. xanthorrhiza simplicia. C. xanthorrhiza was harvested in the 5th month, washed by flowing water and soaked with 100 ppm and 150 ppm of chlorine for ± 25 minutes. It is dried by sun for 9 days. Then the loss of drying, essential oil content, curcuminoid levels were measured. The results were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software one way ANOVA test. Chromatogram profile of essential oil and curcuminoid were analyzed descriptively compared with literature. The total plate count (TPC) value and the enumeration of molds and yeast were compared between control and treatment. The results showed that soaking with chlorine does not change the organoleptic of simplicia, and the levels and chromatogram profile of curcuminoid, but affectstd the quality of essential oils. Chlorine of 100 ppm and 150 ppm can not decrease bacterial contamination but effective in lowering mold contamination at 150 ppm.

Kata Kunci : kaporit, kurkuminoid, minyak atsiri, mikrobiologi