ANALISIS POLIMORFISME GEN TRANSFERIN (TF) P570S DAN ASUPAN FE TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN (HB) DAN TRANSFERIN SERUM PADA REMAJA PUTRI PONDOK PESANTREN DI YOGYAKARTA

Siti Wahyuningsih, dr. Arta Farmawati, Ph.D.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar Belakang Anemia masih menjadi masalah gizi di Indonesia, terutama anemia pada wanita hamil dan remaja putri. Polimorfisme gen transferin P570S merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya anemia. Polimorfisme ini mempunyai efek pada glikosilasi transferin sehingga dapat mempercepat degradasi transferin yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi transferin dan mengganggu homeostasis Fe. Kurangnya asupan Fe juga merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya anemia. Tujuan Mengetahui frekuensi genotip polimorfisme gen transferin P570S. Mengkaji polimorfisme gen transferin P570S dan asupan Fe berkaitan dengan kadar hemoglobin dan transferin serum. Metode Jenis penelitian ini adalah case control. Delapan puluh satu remaja putri yang tinggal di pondok pesantren diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini sebagai subyek penelitian yang terdiri dari 19 kasus dan 62 kontrol. Pengambilan sampel darah digunakan untuk pemeriksaan hemoglobin, transferin serum dan untuk mendeteksi adanya polimorfisme gen transferin P570S. Frekuensi genotip antar kelompok dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square (p<0,05 berbeda bermakna). Perbandingan rerata kadar Hb dan transferin serum antar kelompok genotip dianalisis menggunakan uji One way ANOVA (p<0,05 berbeda bermakna). Perbedaan rerata asupan Fe antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol dianalisis menggunakan Independent T-test (p<0,05 berbeda bermakna). Hasil Penelitian Polimorfisme gen transferin P570S pada kasus mempunyai frekuensi genotip CC=68,4%, CT=26,3%, TT=5,3% dan pada kontrol CC=62,9%, CT=37,1%, TT=0%. Frekuensi alel pada kasus C=81,6%, T=18,4% dan frekuensi alel pada kontrol C=81,4%, T=18,6%. Nilai Odds ratio (OR) genotip polimorfik sebesar 0,783. dan alel T sebesar 0,991. Tidak ada perbedaan genotip yang signifikan antara kasus dan kontrol (p= 1,000). Tidak ada perbedaan alel yang signifikan antara kasus dan kontrol (p= 0,986). Ada perbedaan yang bermakna rerata kadar Hb dan transferin serum antar genotip (p= 0,000 dan p= 0,035). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna asupan Fe antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol (p= 0,423). Kesimpulan Frekuensi genotip polimorfik gen transferin P570S pada remaja putri anemia di pondok pesantren sebesar 31,6% dan ADB sebesar 35,7 %. Ada perbedaan bermakna kadar Hb dan transferin serum antar genotip. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna asupan Fe antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol

Background. Anemia is still a nutrients problem in Indonesia, like anemia in pregnant women and anemia in adolescent girls. The P570S polymorphism of transferrin gene is one of the risk factors of anemia. This polymorphism has an effect on glycosylation of transferrin so it accelerate the degradation of transferrin leat to a decrease in transferrin function and interfere Fe homeostasis. The lack of Fe is one main cause of the anemia. Inadequat of Fe intake also was one of cause of anemia. Objectives. To know genotype frequency of P570S polymorphism of transferrin gene. To investigate correlation between polymorphism P570S of transferrin gene and Fe intake with hemoglobin and serum transferrin levels. Methods. Design of this study was case control. Eighty one adolescent girls living in the boarding school were included in this study as subject. Case group consist of 19 subjects and control consist of 62 subjects. Blood samples used for hemoglobin and transferrin examination and to detect the presence of P570S polymorphism of transferrin gene. The different of genotype frequencies between groups were analyzed using Chi square test with p value < 0.05 as significant. The different comparison of the mean rate of hemoglobin and serum transferrin levels between genotype groups were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test with p value < 0.05 as significant. The different Fe intake between two groups were analyzed using Independent T-test with p value < 0.05 as significant. Result. The P570S polymorphism of transferrin gene in case was CC=68.4%, CT=26.3%, TT=5.3% and in control was CC=62.9%, CT=37.1%, TT=0%. The allele frequency of P570S polymorphism of transferrin gene in case group was C 81.6%, T 18.4% and in control group was C 81.4% and T 18.6%. The odds ratio (OR) of P570S polymorphisms of transferrin gene for polymorphic genotypes was 0.783 and for T allele was 0.991. There was no significant different of genotype frequency of this polymorphic between two groups (p= 1.000). There was no significant different of allele frequency of this polymorphic between two groups (p= 0.986). There was significant different of hemoglobin and serum transferrin levels between genotypes (p= 0.000 and p=0.035). There was no significant different of Fe intake between two groups (p= 0.423) Conclusion. The genotype frequency of P570S polymorphism of transferrin gene among adolescent girl in the boarding school in anemia 31.6% and IDA 35.7%. There was significant different of hemoglobin and serum transferrin levels between genotypes. There was no significant different of Fe intake between two groups.

Kata Kunci : Polimorfisme gen transferin P570S, asupan Fe, kadar Hb, kadar transferin serum