Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Secara Maserasi Dan Infundasi Terhadap Kandungan Alfa mangostin Pada Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)

HAUNINA KUMALA SARI, Prof.Dr.Suwijiyo Pramono, DEA, Apt. ; Djoko Santosa, M.Si., S.Si.

2014 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Metabolit sekunder tanaman bertanggung jawab atas efek farmakologis. Kulit buah manggis mengandung berbagai macam metabolit sekunder, salah satunya adalah golongan xanton. Senyawa ini berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan, antibiotik, antivirus, dan anti-inflamasi. Alfa mangostin, senyawa xanton dengan berbagai macam khasiat berhasil diidentifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan metode ekstraksi yang menghasilkan isolasi alfa mangostin secara optimal. Sampel segar kulit buah manggis dikeringkan dan diserbuk. Serbuk simplisia disari kandungan alfa mangostinnya dengan dimaserasi dalam etanol 96% dan diinfundasi air, perbandingan simplisia-pelarut kedua metode 1:10. Ekstrak kental dipurifikasi dengan etil asetat (maserasi) dan etanol 96% (infundasi). Hasil purifikasi berupa fraksi yang larut dan tak larut. Semua fraksi ditetapkan kadarnya menggunakan metode KLT-densitometri dengan isolat alfa mangostin 0,84% b/v. Efektivitas ekstraksi kandungan alfa mangostin pada kedua metode ditentukan oleh rendemen dan penetapan kadar. Analisis data kadar alfa mangostin menggunakan one-way ANOVA, taraf kepercayaan 95% untuk masing-masing fraksi. Analisis post-hoc menggunakan uji Games-Howell. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata rendemen ekstrak kental infusa (19,96% b/b) lebih banyak dibanding maserasi (17,08% b/b). Fraksi etil asetat hasil maserasi (0,80% b/b) memiliki rerata kadar lebih tinggi dibanding fraksi etanol hasil infundasi (0,20% b/b). Uji Games-Howell menunjukkan perbedaan kadar yang signifikan antara kedua fraksi, sehingga metode maserasi lebih efektif dibanding metode infundasi.

Secondary metabolite in plant is responsible for its pharmacological effect. Mangosteen pericarp contains various kinds of secondary metabolites, one of them is xanthone. This compound is used as antioxidant, antibiotic, antivirus, and anti-inflammation. Alpha mangostin, a xanthone which has various effects was successfully identified. The research goal is for determining extraction method which isolates alpha mangostin optimally. Fresh sample of mangosteen pericarp was dried and powdered. Alpha mangostin from sample was extracted by macerating in ethanol 96% and infusing in water, sample powder-solvent ratio both methods are 1:10. Concentrated extract was purified by ethyl acetate (maceration) and ethanol 96% (infundation). Purification products are soluble and insoluble fraction. The content of all were measured using TLC-densitometry method with 0,84% w/v of alpha mangostin isolate. Extraction effectivity of alpha mangostin both methods were determined by concentrated extract product ratio and concentration determination. Alpha mangostin was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, confidence level of 95% for each fraction. Post hoc analysis performed by Games-Howell test. The research result shown that average of infuse concentrated extract ratio (19,96% w/w) has more ratio than maceration (17,08% w/w). Ethyl acetate fraction of maceration (0,80% w/w) has more concentration average than ethanol fraction of infundation (0,20% w/w). Games-Howell test shown significant difference between both concentration fractions, so that the maceration method is more effective than infundation method.

Kata Kunci : metode ekstraksi, Garcinia mangostana L. kulit buah manggis, kadar alfa mangostin, KLT-densitometri