PENGARUH KEKERINGAN DAN PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP ANATOMIS DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PADI GOGO (Oryza sativa L. ‘Situ Bagendit’) PADA TANAH BERKAPUR

SITI MARDIYAH, Dr. E. Suharyanto, M.S., M.Sc.

2014 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Padi merupakan sumber makanan bagi masyarakat Asia. Permintaan padi dari hari ke hari selalu meningkat. Kebutuhan padi sangat tinggi tetapi produksinya terbatas disebabkan keterbatasan air dan lahan pertanian. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produktivitas padi di Indonesia adalah dengan perluasan lahan marginal seperti lahan berkapur. yang kedua juga digunakan padi yang tahan terhadap kekeringan misalnya padi gogo (Oryza sativa L. 'Situ Bagendit'). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi organ anatomi dan respon pertumbuhan tanaman padi yang tumbuh pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan dengan penambahan pupuk organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu variasi rasio pemberian pupuk organik dan interval penyiraman. Parameter yang diamati yaitu parameter pertumbuhan dan fisiologis: tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan jumlah akar, berat kering, kadar prolin dan klorofil. Parameter lingkungan: pH tanah, suhu, dan kelembaban. Parameter anatomis: batang (tebal epidermis, diameter berkas pengangkut dan trakea), daun (indeks stomata, trikoma, tebal mesofil, diameter trakea), dan akar (tebal epidermis, korteks, endodermis, diameter trakea). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (uji F) dan uji DMRT dengan taraf signifikansi 5% dengan SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan menyebabkan penurunan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, root-shoot ratio dan kadar klorofil; peningkatan panjang akar, kadar prolin akar. Respon anatomis menunjukkan cekaman kekeringan menyebabkan penurunan tebal epidermis, diameter berkas pengangkut dan trakea pada akar, batang dan daun; peningkatan jumlah trikoma; penurunan tebal mesofil; tebal endodermis; penurunan indeks stomata. Penambahan pupuk organik memacu pertumbuhan batang, akar, dan daun.

Rice is the main food source formally for the Asian community. Demand of Rice day by day in always increase. In rice versa the production is limited docto limit in water supply and creasing agricultural area per year. One effort to increase in the rice productivity in Indonesia is by extention of marginal land such as calcareous land. Secondly be also used the variety of rice which was resistant to drought for example upland rice (Oryza sativa L. „Situ Bagendit‟). This study aimed characterizing anatomical organs and growth responses of rice plant which were growt in drought stress condition with addition of fertilizer organic. This research was design by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with variation of organic fertilizer and watering intervals as factors. Parameters such as: plant height, number of leaves and root, length and roots dry weight of grains, proline and chlorophyll contents. Such environmental parameter were: also observed included: pH, humidity, and temperature. Anatomical parameters: were stem anatomy (epidermal thickness, vascular and tracheal diameter), leaves (stomata index, trichomes, mesophyll thickness, trachea diameter), and roots (epidermal thickness, cortex, endodermis, trachea diameter). Data were analyzed using F test and DMRT test with significance level of 5% with SPSS 17. The results showed that drought stress lead to a decrease in plant height, number of leaves, root-shoot ratio, chlorophyll content; increase in root length, and proline content. Anatomical responses indicated that drought stress caused a decrease in epidermal thickness, a decrease in vascular and trachea diameter in roots, is well as stems and leaves; increased in the number of trichomes; mesophyll, and endodermis thickness; a decrease in stomatal index. The addition of organic fertilizers lead to stimulate growth of stems, roots, and leaves

Kata Kunci : Tanah berkapur, Padi gogo, Cekaman kekeringan, Pupuk organik