Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Ekstrak Sampel DLBS 5447 dan Uji Keteratogenikan, Tinjauan terhadap Gros Morfologi Janin

KHAIRU NISHAA, Dra. Nurlaila, M. Si., Apt; Prof. Dr. Suwidjiyo Pramono, DEA., Apt.

2014 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Ekstrak sampel DLBS 5447 merupakan ekstrak jahe yang telah dikenal memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologi seperti anti muntah (antiemetic), anti batuk (antitussive/expectorant), merangsang pengeluaran keringat, dan menghangatkan tubuh (Kimura et al., 2005). Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah uji keteratogenikan ekstrak sampel DLBS 5447 pada tikus Sprague-Dawley, tinjauan gros morfologi janin dan profil kromatografi lapis tipis ekstraknya. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah. Hewan uji yang dipakai adalah tikus betina Sprague-Dawley dengan berat badan awal minimal 170 gram. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, 1 kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok dosis perlakuan (37,8 mg/kgBB, 75,6 mg/kgBB, dan 151,2mg/kgBB). Pada kelompok kontrol diberikan suspensi Na-CMC 0,5 %. Pemejanan dilakukan selama 17 hari masa kebuntingan. Pembedahan caesar dilakukan pada hari ke-20 kebuntingan. Pengamatan gros morfologi janin dilakukan secara makroskopik dan dianalisis secara statistika dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Pembuatan profil kromatografi lapis tipis menggunakan ekstraksi dua penyari, heksana dan etanol 70% dengan pembanding eugenol 10% dan fase gerak toluen:etil asetat:aseton (6:3:1 v/v/v) serta pereaksi semprot Anisaldehida-H2SO4 diikuti pemanasan pada suhu 105oC selama 5 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak sampel DLBS 5447 pada seluruh kelompok dosis menyebabkan efek teratogenik berupa kejadian hematoma (kelompok kontrol=1,02%, dosis I= 4,17%, dosis II=2,19%, dan dosis III=1,84%), kejadian kekerdilan pada kelompok uji adalah 2,54% (kontrol), 0,60% (dosis I), 1,64% (dosis II), dan 1,23% (dosis III). Kejadian gigantisme pada kelompok kontrol 0,51%, dosis I 0,60%, dosis II 2,19%, dan dosis III 1,84%. Profil kromatografi lapis tipis menghasilkan pemisahan dengan 3 bercakpada fraksi heksana (hRf = 49, 54, 65), 5 bercak pada fraksi etanol 70% (hRf = 29, 36, 50, 54, 66) dengan hRf pembanding Eugenol = 68.

Extract specimen of DLBS 5447 containing Ginger extract has known of having many pharmacological activities, such as antiemeticum, antitussive/expectorant, perspiration stimulating agent, and body sweater (Kimura et al., 2005). This study aims to know the teratogenic effect of extract specimen of DLBS 5447 in Sprague-Dawley Rats, focussing on gross morphological study and thin layer chromatography profile. This study used random-fulled direct model. Animals were Sprague-Dawley rats with minimal early body weight 170 gram. These animal were divided in four groups, one control group and three treatment groups receiving DLBS 5447 of 37,8 mg/kgBW, 75,6 mg/kgBW, and 151,2 mg/kgBW, respectively. The control group was administered oral suspension of CMC-Na 0,5%. The administration of the specimen in each group carried out for 17 days of gestation. Caesar section was performed at the 20th day of gestation. The gross morphological of the foetuses were observed macroscopically and the data were expressed as the mean of survived foetus, the mean of normal foetus, and the mean of defected foetus. These data were also expressed in percentage and analysed by ANOVA to look at differences between treatment groups. Thin layer chromatography profile of the extract was performed against hexana extract and ethanolic extract with eugenol 10% as reference compound. The components of the extracts were separated on silica gel F254 plate with toluena:ethyl acetate:acethone (6:3:1 v/v/v) as mobile phase. The spots were detected by Anisaldehida-H2SO4 reagent and heated 5 minutes at 105oC. It was found that extract sample of DLBS 5447 caused teratogenic effects in all treatment groups. The teratogenic effect were showed by percentage of hematouma which was higher in the treatment groups than the control groups. The percentage of gigantisme was also higher whereas the cretinism were less in the treatment groups compared to those of the control groups. Chromatography profile showed 3 spots in hexana extracts with hRf 49, 54, 65, and 5 spots in ethanolic extract with hRf 29, 36, 50, 54, 66 while eugenol was showed Rf at 68 in the same system.

Kata Kunci : keteratogenikan, ekstrak DLBS 5447, gros morfologi janin, kromatografi.