EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN MINUMAN KOMBINASI MALTODEKSTRIN DAN VITAMIN C TERHADAP PERFORMA DAN STRES OKSIDATIF ATLET SEPAK BOLA
Desty Ervira P., Dr. Toto Sudargo, SKM, M.Kes
2014 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang: performa atlet merupakan salah satu penentu kemenangan pada sebuah pertandingan. Seorang atlet menerima pelatihan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan teknik, taktik, dan fungsi fisiologi yang dapat mendukung peningkatan performa seorang atlet. Selain mendatangkan manfaat, latihan yang intensif akan menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Maltodekstrin dan vitamin C dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan produk minuman untuk membantu meningkatkan performa atlet. Selain itu, maltodekstrin dan vitamin C merupakan zat gizi yang mampu menekan peningkatan malondialdehid (MDA), suatu senyawa penanda stres oksidatif. Tujuan: mengkaji pengaruh pemberian minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C terhadap performa dan kadar MDA atlet sepak bola. Metode: jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan same subject design. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2014 di Laboratorium Kuliner Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), stadion Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), dan Laboratorium Biokimia UGM. Subjek penelitian adalah 14 atlet sepak bola mahasiswa yang berasal dari UNY dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi serta eksklusi. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Pada perlakuan pertama subjek mendapat minuman kombinasi dengan komposisi 15% maltodekstrin dan 250 mg vitamin C dalam 300 mL. Setelah periode wash out selama enam hari, subjek mendapat plain water 300 mL. Minuman diberikan 30 menit sebelum dan lima menit setelah tes performa yang dilanjutkan latihan fisik. Metode tes performa yang digunakan adalah yo-yo intermittent recovery test. Pengukuran kadar MDA dilakukan 30 menit sesudah latihan fisik. Kadar MDA diukur dengan metode thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Hasil: analisis bivariat menunjukkan performa subjek pada saat mendapat minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C signifikan lebih rendah dibanding performa subjek pada saat mendapat plain water (p = 0,0000). Kadar MDA subjek pada saat mendapat minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C signifikan lebih rendah dibanding kadar MDA subjek pada saat mendapat plain water (p = 0,0003). Kesimpulan: minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C kurang efektif dibanding plain water dalam meningkatkan performa subjek. Minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C lebih efektif dibanding plain water dalam menurunkan kadar MDA subjek.
Background: athlete’s performance is one of win determiner in a game. Athletes receive training to improve technical skills, tactical skills, and physiology functions that can support improvement of athlete’s performance, so they can improve their achievement. On the other hand, training intensively leads to oxidative stress. Maltodextrin and vitamin C can be used as ingredient for beverage products which can improve the performance of athletes. In addition, maltodextrin and vitamin C are nutrient that is able to suppress the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), a compound marker of oxidative stress. Objective: to assess the effect of maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink on performance and level of MDA in soccer athletes. Method: type of this study was experimental design with same subject design. The study was conducted from January 2014 until June 2014 at Culinary Laboratory Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Stadium of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), and Laboratory of Biochemistry UGM. Subjects of this study were 14 soccer athletes coming from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY). Every subject had to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the subjects were choosen by purposive sampling. In the first treatment subjects received the combination drink, a drink with a composition 15% of maltodextrin and 250 mg of vitamin C in 300 mL. After 6 days wash out period, subjects received 300 mL plain water. Drinks were given 30 minutes before and five minutes after the performance test continued by physical exercise. Performance test method which was used in this study was yo-yo intermittent recovery test. Measurement of MDA levels was performed in 30 minutes after exercise. Malondialdehyde level was measured using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Result: bivariate analysis showed that athlete’s performance when athletes consume maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink was significantly lower than athlete’s performance when athletes consume plain water (p = 0,0000). Malondialdehyde level when athletes consume maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink was significantly lower than malondialdehyde level when athletes consume plain water (p = 0,0003). Conclusion: maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink was less effective than plain water to enhance athlete’s performance, but maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink was more effective than plain water to reduce malondialdehyde level of athletes.
Kata Kunci : maltodekstrin, vitamin C, performa, malondialdehid
