MODAL SOSIAL DI KOMUNITAS YOGYAKARTA COIN A CHANCE

Elisabeth Dikna P.T, Prof. Dr. Phil. Janianton Damanik, M.Si.

2014 | Tesis | S2 PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN

Persoalan distrust belakangan ini banyak melanda kalangan masyarakat, baik di lembaga sosial yang menggalang dana kemanusiaan hingga yang bergerak di dunia keagamaan. Persoalan ini lantas melahirkan gerakan-gerakan berupa komunitas sosial yang dibentuk oleh masyarakat sipil. Menariknya, kelompok seperti ini ternyata mampu mendulang kepercayaan dan partisipasi yang tidak kalah semarak dengan aksi yang dilakukan lembaga sosial formal lainnya. Hanya bermodalkan kesamaan tujuan mereka bertekad menciptakan perubahan sosial di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana kelompok seperti ini dalam membangun modal sosialnya. Modal sosial selama ini identik dengan sikap kegotongroyongan, persoalan ini menjadi menarik manakala dikaitkan dengan gerakan sosial di dunia digital yang menjadi tools kelompok ini dalam melakukan advokasi. Penelitian ini dianalisis mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme sosial. Lokasi penelitian secara geografis di komunitas Yogyakarta Coin a Chance sedangkan lokasi non geografis melalui media sosial online. Teknik penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Unit analisis meliputi komunitas Yogyakarta Coin a Chance. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dari informasi yang didapat dan hasil observasi lapangan kemudian dilakukan triangulasi sebagai teknik analisis data. Pembahasan dianalisis dengan teori konstruksi sosial Peter L. Berger. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa komunitas Yogyakarta Coin a Chance membangun modal sosialnya melalui unsur kepercayaan, pembentukan jaringan serta penegakan norma di masyarakat. Unsur kepercayaan diawali dari kepedulian founder Yogyakarta Coin a Chance terhadap masyarakat marjinal sehingga ia berupaya menyebarkan nilai “receh nggak remeh” ke masyarakat luas. Adanya rasa kepedulian yang sama dan sikap komitmen dari pihak komunitas dan masyarakat membuat gerakan ini makin berkembang melalui pembentukan jaringan yang didukung peran media sosial online. Didukung penegakan norma gerakan ini kemudian melahirkan karakteristik baru modal sosial di ranah offline dan online. Kemampuan komunitas Yogyakarta Coin a Chance menjalin kerjasama yang baik mampu menggerakkan anggota dan masyarakat untuk melakukan aktivitas bersama (collective action) yang didasari oleh rasa saling percaya (trust), kepedulian dan menciptakan net yang berkesinambungan. Adanya sinergi antara komunitas, sekolah dan orang tua semakin memberikan dampak positif dari gerakan koin receh ini.

The issue of distrust also rais in social institutions like humanitarian funding and religion movement. The issue motivates people to form informal social communities that is intended to solve the problems in society. These informal social communities can attract people to trust and participate in the communities can attract people to trust and participate in the communities that are more interesting than formal social institutions. Only with similarity in purpose, they are determined to create social changes in the communities. The aim of this research was to know how this group builds its social capital becomes. All this time, Social capital is identical with the attitude of mutual cooperation, this problem becomes interesting when associated with social movements in the digital world which becomes tools to do advocacy. This research was analyzed using qualitative methods with social konstructivis approach. The research was geographically conducted at Community of Coin a Chance, Yogyakarta while the location of non geographic was through social media online. The research used purposive sampling technique. The unit of analysis included the Communities of Coin a Chance Yogyakarta. Process of data collection was done through interviews, observation and documentation. From the information which was obtained and the results of field observations then were made triangulation as data analysis techniques. The discussion was analyzed with social construction theory from Peter L. Berger. The result shows that the Community of Coin a Chance Yogyakarta builds social capital through elements of trust, networking and the enforcement of norms in the society. The elements of trust has been composed by the founders of Community of Coin a Chance Yogyakarta who wants to help marginalized communities so that he spread the value of \\"receh nggak remeh\\" to society. The sense of caring and commitment from the community and people by makes this movement developing through the establishment of networks that was supported by social media online. Encouraged by norm enforcement, this movement gave birth to the new characteristics of social capital whether offline or online. The ability of Community of Coin a Chance Yogyakarta that was establishing good cooperation has brought the community members to do activity together (collective action) that was based on mutual trust, awareness and creating sustainable net. The Synergy between the communities, the schools and the parents has given a positive impact on the movement of this small change coins.

Kata Kunci : Modal Sosial, Gerakan Sosial Digital, Komunitas Kesukarelawanan